Liu Chang, Liu Sha, Zhang Ning, Yang Yilin, Kong Ying, Zhang Luo
Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Ministry of Education, Beijing, PR China.
Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2011 Jun;75(6):774-81. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2011.03.002. Epub 2011 Apr 1.
The purposes of the present study were to establish the Standard-Chinese version of Lexical Neighborhood Test (LNT) and to examine the lexical and age effects on spoken-word recognition in normal-hearing children.
Six lists of monosyllabic and six lists of disyllabic words (20 words/list) were selected from the database of daily speech materials for normal-hearing (NH) children of ages 3-5 years. The lists were further divided into "easy" and "hard" halves according to the word frequency and neighborhood density in the database based on the theory of Neighborhood Activation Model (NAM). Ninety-six NH children (age ranged between 4.0 and 7.0 years) were divided into three different age groups of 1-year intervals. Speech-perception tests were conducted using the Standard-Chinese monosyllabic and disyllabic LNT.
The inter-list performance was found to be equivalent and inter-rater reliability was high with 92.5-95% consistency. Results of word-recognition scores showed that the lexical effects were all significant. Children scored higher with disyllabic words than with monosyllabic words. "Easy" words scored higher than "hard" words. The word-recognition performance also increased with age in each lexical category. A multiple linear regression analysis showed that neighborhood density, age, and word frequency appeared to have increasingly more contributions to Chinese word recognition.
The results of the present study indicated that performances of Chinese word recognition were influenced by word frequency, age, and neighborhood density, with word frequency playing a major role. These results were consistent with those in other languages, supporting the application of NAM in the Chinese language. The development of Standard-Chinese version of LNT and the establishment of a database of children of 4-6 years old can provide a reliable means for spoken-word recognition test in children with hearing impairment.
本研究旨在建立词汇邻域测试（LNT）的标准中文版，并考察词汇和年龄对正常听力儿童言语识别的影响。
从3至5岁正常听力（NH）儿童日常言语材料数据库中选取6组单音节词表和6组双音节词表（每组20个词）。根据邻域激活模型（NAM）理论，基于数据库中的词频和邻域密度，将这些词表进一步分为“易”“难”两部分。96名NH儿童（年龄在4.0至7.0岁之间）被分为3个不同的年龄组，每组间隔1岁。使用标准中文单音节和双音节LNT进行言语感知测试。
发现各词表间的表现相当，评分者间信度较高，一致性为92.5%-95%。单词识别分数结果显示，所有词汇效应均显著。儿童双音节词得分高于单音节词。“易”词得分高于“难”词。每个词汇类别中的单词识别表现也随年龄增长而提高。多元线性回归分析表明，邻域密度、年龄和词频对中文单词识别的贡献似乎越来越大。
本研究结果表明，中文单词识别表现受词频、年龄和邻域密度影响，其中词频起主要作用。这些结果与其他语言的结果一致，支持NAM在中文中的应用。标准中文版LNT的开发以及4至6岁儿童数据库的建立可为听力障碍儿童的言语识别测试提供可靠手段。
