Centre for Health and Social Care Research, HHR3/01, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK.
Perspect Public Health. 2011 Mar;131(2):89-94. doi: 10.1177/1757913910389423.
Lifestyle surveys are often a key component of a local Joint Strategic Needs Assessment (JSNA), undertaken to inform public health planning. They are usually administered to a large number of people in order to provide a comprehensive profile of population health. However, declining response rates coupled with the under-representation of certain population groups in lifestyle survey data has led to doubts concerning the reliability of findings. In order to inform the design of their own lifestyle survey, NHS Calderdale commissioned an evidence-based review of the methodological literature relating to the administration of lifestyle surveys, with the specific aim of identifying practical and resource-efficient strategies shown to be effective for maximizing whole-population response rates.
A pragmatic review of the published literature was undertaken, specifically to explore the most practical and resource-efficient ways to maximize lifestyle survey response rates to the most commonly used methods (postal surveys, face-to-face interviews, telephone interviews and electronic surveys). Electronic databases including MEDLINE, CINAHL, DARE, EMBASE and PsychINFO were searched. Empirical evidence published in the last 10 years was identified and citation tracking performed on all retrieved articles. An internet search for 'grey literature' was also conducted.
The postal questionnaire remains an important lifestyle survey tool, but reported response rates have decreased rapidly in recent years. Interviews and telephone surveys are recommended in order to supplement data from postal questionnaires and increase response rates in some population groups, but costs may be prohibitive. Electronic surveys are a cheaper alternative, but the empirical evidence on effectiveness is inconclusive. Careful planning and tailoring of survey design to the characteristics of target populations can increase response rates and representativeness of lifestyle survey data.
The results of this pragmatic review could provide a valuable resource for those involved in the design and administration of lifestyle surveys.
生活方式调查通常是地方联合战略需求评估（JSNA）的一个关键组成部分，旨在为公共卫生规划提供信息。它们通常会向大量人群进行调查，以提供全面的人口健康状况概况。然而，由于回应率下降，以及某些人群在生活方式调查数据中的代表性不足，人们对调查结果的可靠性产生了怀疑。为了为他们自己的生活方式调查设计提供信息，NHS 卡尔德戴尔委托对与生活方式调查管理相关的循证文献进行了审查，具体目的是确定经过验证的实用且资源高效的策略，这些策略被证明可以有效地提高全人群的回应率。
对已发表的文献进行了务实的审查，特别是探索了使用最常见的方法（邮寄调查、面对面访谈、电话访谈和电子调查）来最大化生活方式调查回应率的最实用和资源高效的方法。搜索了电子数据库，包括 MEDLINE、CINAHL、DARE、EMBASE 和 PsychINFO。确定了过去 10 年发表的实证证据，并对所有检索到的文章进行了引文跟踪。还对“灰色文献”进行了互联网搜索。
邮寄问卷仍然是一种重要的生活方式调查工具，但近年来报告的回应率迅速下降。为了补充邮寄问卷的数据并提高某些人群的回应率，建议进行访谈和电话调查，但成本可能过高。电子调查是一种更便宜的选择，但关于有效性的实证证据尚无定论。仔细规划和根据目标人群的特征调整调查设计可以提高生活方式调查数据的回应率和代表性。
本务实审查的结果可为参与生活方式调查设计和管理的人员提供宝贵的资源。
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