Frederiks C M, te Wierik M J, Visser A P, Sturmans F
Department of Epidemiology and Health Care Research, University of Limburg, Maastricht, Netherlands.
J Community Health. 1990 Oct;15(5):307-17. doi: 10.1007/BF01325138.
A postal questionnaire was used to obtain information on the functional status of and the utilization of care by elderly people living at home. The aim of the questionnaire was to enable the investigators to select elderly people for a further interview to identify the factors that lead to a demand for professional care. The questionnaire provided relevant information as to the prevalence of physical limitations in elderly people and their use of professional and informal care. The information obtained was reliable and valid as is shown by comparison with information given in subsequent interviews. It appears that the prevalence of limitations was of the same size as that found in other studies, both national and international. The more limitations, the higher the proportion of professional care utilization. The factors "use of informal care" and "not living alone" were inversely related to the utilization of professional care. The amount of informal care provided was very high among elderly people with handicaps. Rather than being a substitute, it seems that informal care is a condition for professional home care to be successful. The postal questionnaire appeared to be an efficient means of investigating the functional status of and utilization of care by elderly people living at home. As such it could be used for planning and allocation of home care.
通过邮寄问卷调查的方式获取居家老年人的功能状况及护理利用情况的信息。该问卷的目的是使调查人员能够挑选出老年人进行进一步访谈，以确定导致对专业护理有需求的因素。问卷提供了有关老年人身体受限的患病率及其对专业和非专业护理的使用情况的相关信息。与后续访谈中提供的信息相比，所获得的信息是可靠且有效的。看来受限的患病率与其他国内和国际研究中发现的患病率相当。受限越多，专业护理利用率的比例就越高。“使用非专业护理”和“非独居”这两个因素与专业护理的利用率呈负相关。在有残疾的老年人中，提供的非专业护理量非常高。非专业护理似乎并非专业居家护理成功的替代品，而是其成功的一个条件。邮寄问卷调查似乎是调查居家老年人功能状况及护理利用情况的一种有效手段。因此，它可用于家庭护理的规划和分配。
