Università degli Studi di Milano, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Via dell'Università 6,-26900 Lodi, Italy.
Theriogenology. 2011 May;75(8):1400-15. doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.12.032.
The fetal adnexa such as umbilical cord, amnion and amniotic fluid have been proposed as ideal sources of different stem cell lineages. Use of adnexal tissue has many potential advantages, including the noninvasive nature of the isolation procedure, the large tissue mass from which cells can be harvested with high efficiency and the potential of these cells to differentiate. Moreover, particularly in human medicine, the harvesting of these tissues is more ethically acceptable making these sources of stem cells very attractive for regenerative therapies and biotechnological applications. The adnexal tissue cells preserve some of the characteristics of the primitive embryonic layers from which they originate. Indeed, many studies indicate that these stem cells exhibit some features of embryonic stem cells as expression of embryonic markers and proliferation capability, without showing immunogenicity. However, the differentiation potential of these cells, either in vivo or in vitro, is intermediate between the pluripotent embryonic stem cells and the multipotent adult stem cells. Non-embryonic extra-fetal derived stem cells have opened new perspectives for developmental biology and for regenerative medicine, not only in humans but also in animals. In this update, we report the state of the art of fetal adnexa-derived stem cells from domestic animals and analyze their applications and potential uses in veterinary medicine.
胎儿附属物，如脐带、羊膜和羊水，已被提议作为不同干细胞系的理想来源。使用附属组织具有许多潜在的优势，包括分离过程的非侵入性、可以高效收获细胞的大量组织以及这些细胞分化的潜力。此外，特别是在人类医学中，这些组织的采集在伦理上更能被接受，这使得这些干细胞来源非常有吸引力，可用于再生疗法和生物技术应用。附属组织细胞保留了它们起源的原始胚胎层的一些特征。事实上，许多研究表明，这些干细胞表现出一些胚胎干细胞的特征，如胚胎标志物的表达和增殖能力，而没有表现出免疫原性。然而，这些细胞的分化潜能，无论是在体内还是体外，都介于多能性胚胎干细胞和多能性成体干细胞之间。非胚胎性的胎儿外来源的干细胞为发育生物学和再生医学开辟了新的前景，不仅在人类中，而且在动物中也是如此。在这篇更新中，我们报告了家畜胎儿附属物来源的干细胞的最新进展，并分析了它们在兽医中的应用和潜在用途。
