Department of Marketing Communication and Consumer Psychology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
Psychol Sci. 2011 May;22(5):627-33. doi: 10.1177/0956797611404901. Epub 2011 Apr 5.
Visceral states are known to reduce the ability to exert self-control. In the current research, we investigated how self-control is affected by a visceral factor associated with inhibition rather than with approach: bladder control. We designed four studies to test the hypothesis that inhibitory signals are not domain-specific but can spill over to unrelated domains, resulting in increased impulse control in the behavioral domain. In Study 1, participants' urination urgency correlated with performance on color-naming but not word-meaning trials of a Stroop task. In Studies 2 and 3, we found that higher levels of bladder pressure resulted in an increased ability to resist impulsive choices in monetary decision making. We found that inhibitory spillover effects are moderated by sensitivity of the Behavioral Inhibition System (Study 3) and can be induced by exogenous cues (Study 4). Implications for inhibition and impulse-control theories are discussed.
内脏状态已知会降低自我控制能力。在当前的研究中，我们研究了与抑制而不是接近相关的内脏因素如何影响自我控制：膀胱控制。我们设计了四项研究来检验这样一种假设，即抑制信号不是特定于领域的，而是可以溢出到不相关的领域，从而导致行为领域的冲动控制增加。在研究 1 中，参与者的排尿紧迫性与 Stroop 任务的颜色命名而不是词义试验的表现相关。在研究 2 和 3 中，我们发现较高的膀胱压力水平导致在货币决策中抵抗冲动选择的能力增强。我们发现，抑制溢出效应受到行为抑制系统敏感性的调节（研究 3），并且可以通过外源性线索诱导（研究 4）。讨论了对抑制和冲动控制理论的影响。
