International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
Br J Cancer. 2011 Apr 26;104(9):1493-9. doi: 10.1038/bjc.2011.106. Epub 2011 Apr 5.
Although several studies have investigated the association of the Mediterranean diet with overall mortality or risk of specific cancers, data on overall cancer risk are sparse.
We examined the association between adherence to Mediterranean dietary pattern and overall cancer risk using data from the European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and nutrition, a multi-centre prospective cohort study including 142,605 men and 335,873. Adherence to Mediterranean diet was examined using a score (range: 0-9) considering the combined intake of fruits and nuts, vegetables, legumes, cereals, lipids, fish, dairy products, meat products, and alcohol. Association with cancer incidence was assessed through Cox regression modelling, controlling for potential confounders.
In all, 9669 incident cancers in men and 21,062 in women were identified. A lower overall cancer risk was found among individuals with greater adherence to Mediterranean diet (hazard ratio=0.96, 95% CI 0.95-0.98) for a two-point increment of the Mediterranean diet score. The apparent inverse association was stronger for smoking-related cancers than for cancers not known to be related to tobacco (P (heterogeneity)=0.008). In all, 4.7% of cancers among men and 2.4% in women would be avoided in this population if study subjects had a greater adherence to Mediterranean dietary pattern.
Greater adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern could reduce overall cancer risk.
尽管有几项研究调查了地中海饮食与总体死亡率或特定癌症风险的关联，但关于总体癌症风险的数据仍然有限。
我们使用欧洲癌症与营养前瞻性调查（EPIC）的数据，该多中心前瞻性队列研究包括 142605 名男性和 335873 名女性，调查了地中海饮食模式与总体癌症风险之间的关联。采用评分（范围：0-9）来评估地中海饮食的依从性，考虑了水果和坚果、蔬菜、豆类、谷物、脂肪、鱼类、乳制品、肉类和酒精的综合摄入量。通过 Cox 回归模型评估与癌症发病率的关联，同时控制潜在的混杂因素。
共发现 9669 例男性和 21062 例女性癌症病例。与地中海饮食评分增加两个点的个体相比，整体癌症风险较低（风险比=0.96，95%CI 0.95-0.98）。这种明显的反比关联在与吸烟有关的癌症中比在与烟草无关的癌症中更强（异质性 P=0.008）。如果研究对象更遵循地中海饮食模式，那么该人群中男性的 4.7%和女性的 2.4%的癌症可以避免。
更遵循地中海饮食模式可能会降低总体癌症风险。
