Marine Ecology Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.
J Agric Food Chem. 2011 May 11;59(9):5150-8. doi: 10.1021/jf1047354. Epub 2011 Apr 14.
Uptake and elimination of aflatoxins (AFs) by rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) during a long-term (21 days) dietary exposure were studied to assess contamination by AFs in aquaculture fish fed AF-containing feed. The uptake factor (UF) of aflatoxin B(1) (AFB(1)) in muscle ranged from 0.40 × 10(-3) to 1.30 × 10(-3). AFB(1) concentrations in liver were 165-342 times higher than in muscle. AFs from feed were more highly accumulated in liver than in muscle. Aflatoxicol (AFL) and aflatoxin M(1) (AFM(1)) were detected in muscle and liver and also in the rearing water. AFL concentrations were higher than AFM(1) by 2 orders of magnitude in muscle, and AFL was a major metabolite of AFB(1). The elimination rate constants (α) of AFB(1) and AFL in muscle (1.83 and 2.02 day(-1), respectively) and liver (1.38 and 2.41 day(-1), respectively) were very large. The elimination half-life (t(1/2)) of AFB(1) was 0.38 days (9.12 h) in muscle and 0.50 days (12.00 h) in liver. The elimination half-life of AFL in muscle and liver was 0.34 day (8.16 h) and 0.29 day (6.96 h), respectively. These data show that AFs are eliminated rapidly and are not biomagnified in fish. Thus, AFB(1) concentration in muscle of fish fed AFB(1)-containing feed (ca. 500 μg/kg) decreased to below the detection limit (20 ng/kg) of the most sensitive analytical method at 1.54 days (36.96 h) after the change to uncontaminated feed.
研究了虹鳟（Oncorhynchus mykiss）在长期（21 天）膳食暴露期间对黄曲霉毒素（AFs）的吸收和消除，以评估食用含 AF 饲料的水产养殖鱼类的污染情况。肌肉中黄曲霉毒素 B1（AFB1）的吸收因子（UF）范围为 0.40×10（-3）至 1.30×10（-3）。肝脏中 AFB1 浓度比肌肉高 165-342 倍。饲料中的 AF 比肌肉更易在肝脏中积累。AF 毒素（AFL）和黄曲霉 M1（AFM1）在肌肉和肝脏以及养殖水中均有检测到。肌肉中 AFL 浓度比 AFM1 高 2 个数量级，AFL 是 AFB1 的主要代谢物。肌肉和肝脏中 AFB1 和 AFL 的消除速率常数（α）分别为 1.83 和 2.02 天（-1）和 1.38 和 2.41 天（-1），非常大。肌肉中 AFB1 的消除半衰期（t（1/2））为 0.38 天（9.12 小时），肝脏中为 0.50 天（12.00 小时）。肌肉和肝脏中 AFL 的消除半衰期分别为 0.34 天（8.16 小时）和 0.29 天（6.96 小时）。这些数据表明，AF 迅速消除，在鱼类中不会生物放大。因此，食用含 AFB1 饲料（约 500μg/kg）的鱼肌肉中 AFB1 浓度在改为未污染饲料后 1.54 天（36.96 小时）降至最敏感分析方法检测限（20ng/kg）以下。
