Institute of Biomechanics and Orthopaedics, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany.
Gait Posture. 2011 May;34(1):138-41. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2011.03.009. Epub 2011 Apr 6.
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether sprint performance is related to lower leg musculoskeletal geometry within a homogeneous group of highly trained 100-m sprinters. Using a cluster analysis, eighteen male sprinters were divided into two groups based on their personal best (fast: N=11, 10.30±0.07s; slow: N=7, 10.70±0.08s). Calf muscular fascicle arrangement and Achilles tendon moment arms (calculated by the gradient of tendon excursion versus ankle joint angle) were analyzed for each athlete using ultrasonography. Achilles tendon moment arm, foot and ankle skeletal geometry, fascicle arrangement as well as the ratio of fascicle length to Achilles tendon moment arm showed no significant (p>0.05) correlation with sprint performance, nor were there any differences in the analyzed musculoskeletal parameters between the fast and slow sprinter group. Our findings provide evidence that differences in sprint ability in world-class athletes are not a result of differences in the geometrical design of the lower leg even when considering both skeletal and muscular components.
本研究旨在探究在高度专业化的 100 米短跑运动员这一同质群体中，短跑成绩是否与小腿骨骼肌肉形态学有关。通过聚类分析，根据个人最好成绩将 18 名男性短跑运动员分为两组：快组（N=11，10.30±0.07s）和慢组（N=7，10.70±0.08s）。使用超声技术对每位运动员的小腿肌肉肌束排列和跟腱力臂（通过跟腱运动与踝关节角度的梯度计算得出）进行分析。跟腱力臂、足踝骨骼形态、肌束排列以及肌束长度与跟腱力臂的比值与短跑成绩均无显著相关性（p＞0.05），且在快、慢两组运动员之间，分析的骨骼肌肉参数也无差异。我们的研究结果表明，世界级运动员的短跑能力差异并非源于小腿骨骼肌肉形态学的差异，即使考虑到骨骼和肌肉成分也是如此。
