安慰剂现象与医学伦理：重新思考知情同意与风险效益评估的关系。
The placebo phenomenon and medical ethics: rethinking the relationship between informed consent and risk-benefit assessment.
机构信息
Department of Bioethics Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Bethesda, MD 20892-1156, USA.
出版信息
Theor Med Bioeth. 2011 Aug;32(4):229-43. doi: 10.1007/s11017-011-9179-8.
It has been presumed within bioethics that the benefits and risks of treatments can be assessed independently of information disclosure to patients as part of the informed consent process. Research on placebo and nocebo effects indicates that this is not true for symptomatic treatments. The benefits and risks that patients experience from symptomatic treatments can be shaped powerfully by information about these treatments provided by clinicians. In this paper we discuss the implications of placebo and nocebo research for risk-benefit assessment and informed consent.
在生命伦理学中，人们假定治疗的益处和风险可以独立于向患者披露信息进行评估，而这部分信息是知情同意过程的一部分。安慰剂和反安慰剂效应的研究表明，对于症状治疗来说并非如此。临床医生提供的有关这些治疗的信息可以极大地影响患者从症状治疗中获得的益处和风险。在本文中，我们讨论了安慰剂和反安慰剂研究对风险效益评估和知情同意的影响。
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