Zaman S S, Khan N Z, Islam S, Banu S, Dixit S, Shrout P, Durkin M
Department of Psychology, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Int J Epidemiol. 1990 Sep;19(3):613-20. doi: 10.1093/ije/19.3.613.
A survey of 2576 children aged two to nine years was carried out in Dhaka, Bangladesh, as part of a collaborative study to test the validity of a questionnaire (the Ten Questions) for screening severe childhood disabilities in community settings. Approximately 7% of the children were positive on the screen and this rate was slightly higher in boys than girls. The sensitivity, specificity and negative predictive value of the Ten Questions were perfect or nearly perfect for severe and moderate (serious) disabilities. The positive predictive value was only 22% for serious disabilities, but 70% of children classified as false positives were found to have mild disabilities or other conditions (such as ear infections) for which early detection and treatment could be beneficial. No major age or gender differences in the validity of the questionnaire were apparent, but this finding needs additional study and confirmation with studies based on larger samples. In general, the results indicate that the Ten Questions is a valid tool for screening serious disabilities in children and can potentially improve the efficiency of health services by reducing the number of children requiring attention from professionals. Future studies using the Ten Questions should foster greater attention to the dimensions of childhood disability as a public health problem in the less developed world.
作为一项合作研究的一部分，在孟加拉国达卡对2576名2至9岁儿童进行了调查，以测试一份问卷（“十个问题”）在社区环境中筛查儿童严重残疾的有效性。大约7%的儿童筛查呈阳性，且这一比例在男孩中略高于女孩。对于重度和中度（严重）残疾，“十个问题”的敏感性、特异性和阴性预测值均完美或近乎完美。对于严重残疾，阳性预测值仅为22%，但被归类为假阳性的儿童中有70%被发现患有轻度残疾或其他疾病（如耳部感染），对这些疾病进行早期检测和治疗可能有益。问卷有效性方面未发现明显的年龄或性别差异，但这一发现需要通过更大样本的研究进行进一步研究和确认。总体而言，结果表明“十个问题”是筛查儿童严重残疾的有效工具，并且通过减少需要专业人员关注的儿童数量，有可能提高卫生服务的效率。未来使用“十个问题”的研究应更加关注儿童残疾问题，将其作为欠发达世界的一个公共卫生问题。
