马拉维智力残疾儿童父母心理困扰的患病率。
Prevalence of psychological distress among parents of children with intellectual disabilities in Malawi.
机构信息
St. John of God Mental Health Services, Malawi, Box 744, Mzuzu, Malawi.
Department of Community Health, University of Malawi College of Medicine, P/Bag 860, Blantyre, Malawi.
出版信息
BMC Psychiatry. 2018 May 24;18(1):146. doi: 10.1186/s12888-018-1731-x.
BACKGROUND
Children with intellectual disabilities are common and are increasing in number as more children survive globally. In stark contrast to the 1-3% prevalence of intellectual disability in children globally (reported by WHO), studies from Malawi provide alarmingly high rates (26%). We know that the prevalence of psychological distress is as high as 50% in parents of children with intellectual disabilities in Europe and the US. No such studies have yet been conducted in Africa. This study is aimed at determining the prevalence and risk factors for psychological distress among parents of intellectually disabled children in Malawi.
METHODS
This quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted in January and February 2015. One hundred and seventy mothers and fathers of children with intellectual disabilities as diagnosed by psychiatric clinical officers were randomly sampled from two selected child disability clinics. The Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ) was used "as measure for psychological distress and questions on socio-demographic variables were administered to all consenting participants." Data was coded, cleaned and analyzed using STATA.
RESULTS
70/170 (41.2%) of parents of children with intellectual disabilities reported psychological distress. Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that area of residence (P < 0.05), low socio-economic status (P < 0.05), knowledge of the disability of one's child (P < 0.05), low confidence in managing the disabled child (P < 0.05), increased perceived burden of care (P = 0.05), and having no sources for psychological support (P < 0.05) significantly predicted psychological distress among the parents for children with disabilities.
CONCLUSION
There is huge burden of psychological distress among parents of intellectually disabled children in Malawi. Psychosocial interventions are urgently needed to support parents of children with intellectual disability in Malawi.
背景
智障儿童较为常见，且随着全球范围内越来越多的儿童存活，智障儿童的数量在不断增加。与全球智障儿童的 1-3%（世界卫生组织报告）的患病率形成鲜明对比的是，来自马拉维的研究报告了高得惊人的发病率（26%）。我们知道，在欧洲和美国，智障儿童父母的心理困扰患病率高达 50%。在非洲还没有进行过此类研究。本研究旨在确定马拉维智障儿童父母心理困扰的患病率及其危险因素。
方法
这是一项于 2015 年 1 月至 2 月进行的横断面研究。从两家选定的儿童残疾诊所中随机抽取了 170 名智障儿童的母亲和父亲作为研究对象。采用自我报告问卷（SRQ）作为心理困扰的衡量标准，并向所有同意参与的人询问社会人口统计学变量的问题。使用 STATA 对数据进行编码、清理和分析。
结果
170 名智障儿童的父母中，有 70 人（41.2%）报告存在心理困扰。单变量和多变量分析显示，居住地（P<0.05）、社会经济地位低（P<0.05）、对子女残疾的了解程度（P<0.05）、对管理残疾儿童的信心低（P<0.05）、照顾负担增加（P=0.05）和缺乏心理支持来源（P<0.05）是父母心理困扰的显著预测因素。
结论
马拉维智障儿童的父母背负着巨大的心理困扰。迫切需要开展社会心理干预，为马拉维智障儿童的父母提供支持。
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