Maalouf D, El Hachem H, Kesrouani A, Hleis S, Rohayem J, Chammai R, Haddad G, Haddad R, Richa S
Département de psychiatrie, hôpital psychiatrique de la Croix, Jall-Eddib, faculté de médecine, USJ, BP 60096, Liban.
Encephale. 2011 Apr;37(2):94-100. doi: 10.1016/j.encep.2010.04.015. Epub 2010 Jul 1.
To assess the awareness and knowledge of pregnant Lebanese women about the risks of drinking during pregnancy and the factors that influence their drinking patterns.
A prospective study was conducted on a sample of 107 women consulting the gynecology outpatient department of Hôtel-Dieu de France in Beirut, Lebanon, who completed the T-ACE screening test included in a 21 multiple choice questionnaire which examine knowledge and beliefs about alcohol use during pregnancy, drinking patterns and awareness of fetal alcohol exposure.
The 107 women of our sample were all married, between 20 and 41 years old and had mostly a high educational level (86%). Most of the women (47%) were at their first pregnancy. Of the 20 women who self-reported drinking during pregnancy, 60% obtained a positive score on the T-ACE questionnaire, which indicates that more than 11% of the women engaged with potentially high risk drinking for the baby. There is not a significant difference between the different age categories or educational levels. This proportion is lower than that found in international publications. However, the rate of excessive drinking (4 drinks or more on any one occasion in females) was higher and one woman in five reported excessive drinking in the previous year. There is a high level of knowledge that alcohol use during pregnancy is harmful to the child, and the more consumption the more harmful and likely the effects, but there is confusion about the safety of small amounts of alcohol. Women (37%) think that there is a safe level of drinking during pregnancy; 29% tolerate up to one drink a month, 9% tolerate up to one drink a week and one woman thinks having one drink a day is safe. Women who actually drink during pregnancy are more likely to think that alcohol consumption to a certain level is safe. Women (31%) think that beer and/or wine are safe alcohols to a certain level during pregnancy. When asked about the source of this belief, 22% mention a gynecologist but the majority (61%) says it is a personal belief. Women (65%) in our sample are aware that alcohol use during pregnancy can lead to life-long disabilities in a child, such as delayed development (36%), birth defects/deformities (35%) and mental retardation (32%). However, up to 33% of the respondents report having no information about the effects of alcohol on the fetus and two women believe alcohol is not harmful at all. Women with lower levels of education are somewhat less knowledgeable about the risks of alcohol use during pregnancy than those with higher levels of education. There is no association between the drinking patterns of the women with their age, their professional habits and the alcohol consumption of their husbands. The women in our sample seem to be more aware of the necessity to stop smoking rather than stop drinking during pregnancy.
Lebanese women are not fully aware of the recommendations and risks related to drinking during pregnancy. This is the reason why action must be taken to ensure better diffusion of these recommendations and better assessment of alcohol intake during prenatal visits.
评估黎巴嫩孕妇对孕期饮酒风险的认识和了解，以及影响其饮酒模式的因素。
对黎巴嫩贝鲁特法国主宫医院妇科门诊的107名女性进行了一项前瞻性研究，她们完成了一份包含21道选择题的问卷中的T-ACE筛查测试，该问卷考查了关于孕期饮酒的知识和观念、饮酒模式以及对胎儿酒精暴露的认识。
我们样本中的107名女性均已婚，年龄在20至41岁之间，大多具有较高的教育水平（86%）。大多数女性（47%）是首次怀孕。在20名自我报告孕期饮酒的女性中，60%在T-ACE问卷上获得了阳性评分，这表明超过11%的女性饮酒对胎儿存在潜在高风险。不同年龄组或教育水平之间没有显著差异。这一比例低于国际出版物中的发现。然而，过量饮酒率（女性在任何一次饮酒时饮用4杯或更多）较高，五分之一的女性报告上一年有过量饮酒情况。人们普遍知晓孕期饮酒对孩子有害，饮酒量越大危害越大且越可能产生影响，但对于少量饮酒的安全性存在困惑。37%的女性认为孕期存在安全饮酒水平；29%的女性每月最多能接受一杯酒，9%的女性每周最多能接受一杯酒，还有一名女性认为每天喝一杯酒是安全的。实际孕期饮酒的女性更倾向于认为在一定程度内饮酒是安全的。31%的女性认为啤酒和/或葡萄酒在孕期达到一定程度是安全的酒精饮品。当被问及这种观念的来源时，22%的人提到了妇科医生，但大多数人（61%）表示这是个人观点。我们样本中的65%的女性知晓孕期饮酒会导致孩子终身残疾，如发育迟缓（36%）、出生缺陷/畸形（35%）和智力迟钝（32%）。然而，高达33%的受访者表示对酒精对胎儿的影响一无所知，还有两名女性认为酒精完全无害。教育水平较低的女性对孕期饮酒风险的了解程度略低于教育水平较高的女性。女性的饮酒模式与她们的年龄、职业习惯以及丈夫的饮酒量之间没有关联。我们样本中的女性似乎更意识到孕期戒烟的必要性而非戒酒。
黎巴嫩女性并未充分意识到与孕期饮酒相关的建议和风险。这就是必须采取行动以确保更好地传播这些建议并在产前检查时更好地评估酒精摄入量的原因。
