Simultaneous determination of mercury, lead and cadmium ions in water using near-infrared spectroscopy with preconcentration by thiol-functionalized magnesium phyllosilicate clay.

Analysis of metal ions in environment is of great importance for evaluating the risk of heavy metal to public health and ecological safety. A method for simultaneous determination of metal ions in water samples was developed by using adsorption preconcentration and near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (NIRDRS). A high capacity adsorbent of thiol-functionalized magnesium phyllosilicate, named Mg-MTMS, was prepared by co-condensation for preconcentration of Hg(2+), Pb(2+) and Cd(2+) in aqueous solutions. After adsorbing the analytes onto the adsorbent, NIRDRS was measured and PLS models were established for fast and simultaneous quantitative prediction. Because the interaction of the ions with the functional group of the adsorbent can be reflected in the spectra, the models built with the samples prepared by river water were proven to be efficient enough for precise prediction. The determination coefficients (R(2)) of the validation samples for the three ions were found as high as 0.9197, 0.9599 and 0.9861, respectively. Furthermore, because the high adsorption efficiency of Mg-MTMS, the detected concentrations are as low as milligrams per liter for the three ions, and the concentration can be further reduced. Therefore, the feasibility of quantitative analysis metal ions in river water by NIRDRS is proven and this may provide a new way for fast simultaneous determination of trace metals in environmental waters.