Ter Riet G, Kleijnen J, Knipschild P
Department of Epidemiology and Health Care Research, University of Limburg, The Netherlands.
Br J Gen Pract. 1990 Sep;40(338):379-82.
A literature search revealed 22 controlled clinical studies on the efficacy of acupuncture in three fields of addiction: cigarette smoking (15), heroin (five), and alcohol (two). These studies were reviewed using a list of 18 predefined criteria of good methodology. A maximum of 100 points for study design could be earned, divided over four categories: comparability of prognosis; adequate intervention; adequate effect measurement; and good data presentation. The study design was generally poor. No study earned more than 75 points and 12 studies (55%) earned less than 50 points. For smoking cessation, the number of studies with negative outcomes exceeded by far the number with positive outcomes. Taking the quality of the studies into account this negative picture becomes even stronger. For heroin and alcohol addiction controlled clinical research is both scarce and of low quality. Claims that acupuncture is efficacious as a therapy for these addictions are thus not supported by results from sound clinical research.
文献检索发现了22项关于针灸在三个成瘾领域疗效的对照临床研究：吸烟（15项）、海洛因（5项）和酒精（2项）。这些研究使用一份包含18条预定义良好方法标准的清单进行了审查。研究设计最多可得100分，分为四类：预后可比性；充分干预；充分的效果测量；以及良好的数据呈现。总体而言，研究设计较差。没有一项研究得分超过75分，12项研究（55%）得分低于50分。对于戒烟，得出负面结果的研究数量远远超过得出正面结果的研究数量。考虑到研究的质量，这种负面情况更加明显。对于海洛因和酒精成瘾，对照临床研究既稀缺又质量低下。因此，可靠的临床研究结果并不支持针灸作为这些成瘾治疗方法有效的说法。
