University of Edinburgh, Royal Infirmary, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, UK.
Circulation. 2011 Apr 26;123(16):1721-8. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.987263. Epub 2011 Apr 11.
In controlled human exposure studies, diesel engine exhaust inhalation impairs vascular function and enhances thrombus formation. The aim of the present study was to establish whether an exhaust particle trap could prevent these adverse cardiovascular effects in men.
Nineteen healthy volunteers (mean age, 25±3 years) were exposed to filtered air and diesel exhaust in the presence or absence of a particle trap for 1 hour in a randomized, double-blind, 3-way crossover trial. Bilateral forearm blood flow and plasma fibrinolytic factors were assessed with venous occlusion plethysmography and blood sampling during intra-arterial infusion of acetylcholine, bradykinin, sodium nitroprusside, and verapamil. Ex vivo thrombus formation was determined with the use of the Badimon chamber. Compared with filtered air, diesel exhaust inhalation was associated with reduced vasodilatation and increased ex vivo thrombus formation under both low- and high-shear conditions. The particle trap markedly reduced diesel exhaust particulate number (from 150 000 to 300 000/cm(3) to 30 to 300/cm(3); P<0.001) and mass (320±10 to 7.2±2.0 μg/m(3); P<0.001), and was associated with increased vasodilatation, reduced thrombus formation, and an increase in tissue-type plasminogen activator release.
Exhaust particle traps are a highly efficient method of reducing particle emissions from diesel engines. With a range of surrogate measures, the use of a particle trap prevents several adverse cardiovascular effects of exhaust inhalation in men. Given these beneficial effects on biomarkers of cardiovascular health, the widespread use of particle traps on diesel-powered vehicles may have substantial public health benefits and reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease.
在受控人体暴露研究中，柴油发动机排气吸入会损害血管功能并增强血栓形成。本研究的目的是确定排气颗粒捕集器是否可以预防这些男性的不良心血管影响。
19 名健康志愿者（平均年龄 25±3 岁）在随机、双盲、三向交叉试验中，在存在或不存在颗粒捕集器的情况下，分别在 1 小时内暴露于过滤空气和柴油废气中。双侧前臂血流和血浆纤维蛋白溶解因子通过静脉闭塞体积描记法和动脉内输注乙酰胆碱、缓激肽、硝普钠和维拉帕米期间的血液取样进行评估。使用 Badimon 室测定体外血栓形成。与过滤空气相比，柴油废气吸入与低剪切和高剪切条件下的血管舒张减少和体外血栓形成增加有关。颗粒捕集器可显著减少柴油废气颗粒数（从 150000 到 300000/cm3 到 30 到 300/cm3；P<0.001）和质量（320±10 到 7.2±2.0 μg/m3；P<0.001），并与血管舒张增加、血栓形成减少和组织型纤溶酶原激活物释放增加有关。
排气颗粒捕集器是一种从柴油发动机中减少颗粒排放的高效方法。使用一系列替代测量方法，颗粒捕集器的使用可预防男性废气吸入的几种不良心血管影响。鉴于这些对心血管健康生物标志物的有益影响，广泛使用柴油动力车辆上的颗粒捕集器可能会带来重大的公共卫生效益，并减轻心血管疾病的负担。
