Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho-UFRJ, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho n 373, Bloco G do CCS, Cidade Universitária, 21941-902, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,
Purinergic Signal. 2011 Mar;7(1):7-19. doi: 10.1007/s11302-011-9215-1. Epub 2011 Jan 27.
P2X receptor (P2XR) is a family of the ATP-gated ion channel family and can permeabilize the plasma membrane to small cations such as potassium, sodium, and calcium, resulting in cellular depolarization. There are seven P2XR that have been described and cloned, with 45% identity in amino acid sequence. Each P2X receptors has two transmembrane domains that are separated by an extracellular loop and an intracellular N and C terminus. Unlike the other P2X receptors, the P2X7R has a larger C terminus with an extra 200 amino acid residues compared with the other receptors. The C terminus of the P2X7R has been implicated in regulating receptor function including signaling pathway activation, cellular localization, protein-protein interactions, and post-translational modification (PTM). In the present review, we discuss the role of the P2X7R C terminus in regards to receptor function, describe the specific domains and motifs found therein and compare the C terminus sequence with others proteins to discover predicted domains or sites of PTM.
P2X 受体（P2XR）是 ATP 门控离子通道家族的一个家族，可使细胞膜对钾、钠和钙等小阳离子通透性增加，导致细胞去极化。已经描述和克隆了 7 种 P2XR，其氨基酸序列的同源性为 45%。每个 P2X 受体都有两个跨膜结构域，它们由细胞外环和细胞内的 N 端和 C 端隔开。与其他 P2X 受体不同，P2X7R 的 C 端比其他受体多 200 个氨基酸残基，有一个较大的 C 端。P2X7R 的 C 端参与调节受体功能，包括信号通路激活、细胞定位、蛋白-蛋白相互作用和翻译后修饰（PTM）。在本综述中，我们讨论了 P2X7R C 端在受体功能方面的作用，描述了其中发现的特定结构域和基序，并将 C 端序列与其他蛋白质进行比较，以发现预测的 PTM 结构域或位点。
