Falato R, Ricciardi Sara, Franco G
Cattedra e Scuola di Specializzazione di Medicina del lavoro, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia.
Med Lav. 2011 Mar-Apr;102(2):208-15.
The Italian law on health and safety at work requires that (i) employers provide workers with safe and efficient vaccines, (ii) occupational physicians inform workers about the benefits and inconveniences deriving from immunization.
To assess risk perception of influenza and attitudes to vaccination among medical and nursing students of the School of Medicine of Modena during two vaccination campaigns.
The study, including 598 medical and nursing students (212 vaccinated and 386 non-vaccinated) exposed to influenza virus, was performed in October 2007-April 2008 (during the seasonal influenza campaign), in October-November 2009 and in March-May 2010 (during and after the H1N1 influenza campaign, respectively). Information on influenza risk perception and attitude towards vaccination, as well as perception of different risk factors (smoking, traffic pollution, driving, mobile phones, nuclear power, alcoholic beverages) was collected by a self-administered 4-point Likert scales (1 = low risk, 4 high risk) questionnaire.
The students perceived the risk of both influenza and of influenza immunization at a lower level compared with other risks. Whereas overall risk perception (excluding influenza and vaccination) was similar within the groups, influenza risk perception was significantly lower in the 2007/2008 group whereas the risk of immunization increased in the 2010 group. Age, gender and being a medical or nursing student did not influence risk perception and vaccination attitude.
Although influenza vaccination is recommended, its coverage in medical and nursing students is generally low due to different factors, including underestimation of a preventable disease, lack of knowledge about the benefits of immunization and, according to this study, to the perception of risk associated both with the disease and immunization practice.
意大利职业健康与安全法要求：（i）雇主为工人提供安全有效的疫苗；（ii）职业医生告知工人免疫接种的益处和不便之处。
评估摩德纳医学院医学和护理专业学生在两次疫苗接种活动期间对流感的风险认知及接种态度。
该研究纳入了598名接触流感病毒的医学和护理专业学生（212名接种疫苗，386名未接种疫苗），研究时间为2007年10月至2008年4月（季节性流感活动期间）、2009年10月至11月以及2010年3月至5月（分别为甲型H1N1流感活动期间及之后）。通过一份采用4级李克特量表（1 = 低风险，4 = 高风险）的自填式问卷收集有关流感风险认知、接种态度以及对不同风险因素（吸烟、交通污染、驾驶、手机、核能、酒精饮料）的认知信息。
与其他风险相比，学生们对流感及流感疫苗接种的风险认知较低。尽管各组内总体风险认知（不包括流感和疫苗接种）相似，但2007/2008组的流感风险认知显著较低，而2010组的疫苗接种风险有所增加。年龄、性别以及是否为医学或护理专业学生均未影响风险认知和接种态度。
尽管推荐接种流感疫苗，但由于多种因素，包括对可预防疾病的低估、对免疫接种益处的认识不足，以及根据本研究，对疾病和免疫接种相关风险的认知，医学和护理专业学生的疫苗接种覆盖率总体较低。
