The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Center for Reproductive Sciences, and Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
Development. 2011 May;138(9):1653-61. doi: 10.1242/dev.056234.
Small non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs), endogenous small interfering RNAs (endo-siRNAs) and Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), play essential roles in mammalian development. The function and timing of expression of these three classes of small RNAs differ greatly. piRNAs are expressed and play a crucial role during male gametogenesis, whereas endo-siRNAs are essential for oocyte meiosis. By contrast, miRNAs are ubiquitously expressed in somatic tissues and function throughout post-implantation development. Surprisingly, however, miRNAs are non-essential during pre-implantation embryonic development and their function is suppressed during oocyte meiosis. Here, we review the roles of small non-coding RNAs during the early stages of mammalian development, from gamete maturation through to gastrulation.
小非编码 RNA，包括 microRNAs (miRNAs)、内源性小干扰 RNA (endo-siRNAs) 和 Piwi 相互作用 RNA (piRNAs)，在哺乳动物发育中发挥重要作用。这三类小 RNA 的功能和表达时间有很大差异。piRNAs 在雄性配子发生过程中表达并发挥关键作用，而 endo-siRNAs 对卵母细胞减数分裂至关重要。相比之下，miRNAs 在体组织中广泛表达，并在植入后发育过程中发挥作用。然而，令人惊讶的是，miRNAs 在植入前胚胎发育中并非必需，并且其功能在卵母细胞减数分裂过程中受到抑制。在这里，我们综述了小非编码 RNA 在哺乳动物发育的早期阶段（从配子成熟到原肠胚形成）的作用。
