Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0086, United States.
Conscious Cogn. 2011 Sep;20(3):840-56. doi: 10.1016/j.concog.2011.03.015. Epub 2011 Apr 13.
To provide the three-way comparisons needed to test existing theories, we compared (1) most-stressful memories to other memories and (2) involuntary to voluntary memories (3) in 75 community dwelling adults with and 42 without a current diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Each rated their three most-stressful, three most-positive, seven most-important and 15 word-cued autobiographical memories, and completed tests of personality and mood. Involuntary memories were then recorded and rated as they occurred for 2 weeks. Standard mechanisms of cognition and affect applied to extreme events accounted for the properties of stressful memories. Involuntary memories had greater emotional intensity than voluntary memories, but were not more frequently related to traumatic events. The emotional intensity, rehearsal, and centrality to the life story of both voluntary and involuntary memories, rather than incoherence of voluntary traumatic memories and enhanced availability of involuntary traumatic memories, were the properties of autobiographical memories associated with PTSD.
为了提供测试现有理论所需的三种比较，我们比较了（1）最具压力的记忆与其他记忆，以及（2）非自愿记忆与自愿记忆，（3）在 75 名有和 42 名没有创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的社区居住成年人中。每个人都对他们的三个最有压力、三个最积极、七个最重要和 15 个单词提示的自传体记忆进行了评分，并完成了人格和情绪测试。然后，在两周内记录并评估了非自愿记忆。适用于极端事件的认知和情感的标准机制解释了应激记忆的特征。非自愿记忆的情绪强度大于自愿记忆，但与创伤事件的关联性不高。无论是自愿还是非自愿记忆，情绪强度、排练和对生活故事的重要性，而不是自愿创伤记忆的不连贯性和非自愿创伤记忆的可用性增强，都是与 PTSD 相关的自传体记忆的特征。
