一生中自发和非自发自传体记忆的频率。
The frequency of voluntary and involuntary autobiographical memories across the life span.
作者信息
Rubin David C, Berntsen Dorthe
机构信息
Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0086, USA.
出版信息
Mem Cognit. 2009 Jul;37(5):679-88. doi: 10.3758/37.5.679.
In the present study, ratings of the memory of an important event from the previous week on the frequency of voluntary and involuntary retrieval, belief in its accuracy, visual imagery, auditory imagery, setting, emotional intensity, valence, narrative coherence, and centrality to the life story were obtained from 988 adults whose ages ranged from 15 to over 90. Another 992 adults provided the same ratings for a memory from their confirmation day, when they were at about age 14. The frequencies of involuntary and voluntary retrieval were similar. Both frequencies were predicted by emotional intensity and centrality to the life story. The results from the present study-which is the first to measure the frequency of voluntary and involuntary retrieval for the same events-are counter to both cognitive and clinical theories, which consistently claim that involuntary memories are infrequent as compared with voluntary memories. Age and gender differences are noted.
在本研究中，对988名年龄在15岁至90多岁的成年人进行了调查，了解他们对前一周一件重要事件的记忆在自发和非自发回忆频率、对其准确性的信念、视觉意象、听觉意象、场景、情感强度、效价、叙事连贯性以及在人生故事中的核心程度等方面的评分。另外992名成年人对他们大约14岁时确认日的一段记忆进行了同样的评分。自发和非自发回忆的频率相似。这两种频率都由情感强度和在人生故事中的核心程度预测得出。本研究首次测量了同一事件的自发和非自发回忆频率，其结果与认知理论和临床理论均相悖，这些理论一直声称非自愿记忆与自愿记忆相比很少见。研究还指出了年龄和性别差异。
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