Department of Sociology and Institute for Health, Health Care Policy, and Aging Research, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
J Health Soc Behav. 2011 Jun;52(2):212-27. doi: 10.1177/0022146510393972. Epub 2011 Apr 13.
The gender paradox in mortality--where men die earlier than women despite having more socioeconomic resources--may be partly explained by men's lower levels of preventive health care. Stereotypical notions of masculinity reduce preventive health care; however, the relationship between masculinity, socioeconomic status (SES), and preventive health care is unknown. Using the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study, the authors conduct a population-based assessment of masculinity beliefs and preventive health care, including whether these relationships vary by SES. The results show that men with strong masculinity beliefs are half as likely as men with more moderate masculinity beliefs to receive preventive care. Furthermore, in contrast to the well-established SES gradient in health, men with strong masculinity beliefs do not benefit from higher education and their probability of obtaining preventive health care decreases as their occupational status, wealth, and/or income increases. Masculinity may be a partial explanation for the paradox of men's lower life expectancy, despite their higher SES.
死亡率中的性别悖论——尽管男性拥有更多的社会经济资源，但他们的寿命却比女性短——部分可以用男性较低的预防保健水平来解释。传统的男性气质观念会减少预防保健；然而，男性气质、社会经济地位（SES）和预防保健之间的关系尚不清楚。本文利用威斯康星纵向研究，对男性气质信念和预防保健进行了基于人群的评估，包括这些关系是否因 SES 而异。结果表明，与中等程度的男性气质信念相比，强烈的男性气质信念使男性接受预防保健的可能性降低了一半。此外，与健康方面已确立的 SES 梯度相反，强烈的男性气质信念并不能使男性从更高的教育中受益，而且随着其职业地位、财富和/或收入的提高，他们获得预防保健的可能性也会降低。男性气质可能是男性预期寿命较低但社会经济地位较高的悖论的部分解释。
