National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2011 May;51(5):383-93. doi: 10.1080/10408391003624848.
Recent research has rejuvenated centuries-old traditional herbs to cure various ailments by using modern tools like diet-based therapy and other regimens. Ginger is one of the classic examples of an herb used for not only culinary preparations but also for unique therapeutic significance owing to its antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory potential. The pungent fractions of ginger, namely gingerols, shogaols, paradols, and volatile constituents like sesquiterpenes and monoterpenes, are mainly attributed to the health-enhancing perspectives of ginger. This review elucidates the health claims of ginger and the molecular aspects and targets, with special reference to anticancer perspectives, immunonutrition, antioxidant potential, and cardiovascular cure. The molecular targets involved in chemoprevention like the inhibition of NF-κB activation via impairing nuclear translocation, suppresses cIAP1 expression, increases caspase-3/7 activation, arrests cell cycle in G2 + M phases, up-regulates Cytochrome-c, Apaf-1, activates PI3K/Akt/I kappaB kinases IKK, suppresses cell proliferation, and inducts apoptosis and chromatin condensation. Similarly, facts are presented regarding the anti-inflammatory response of ginger components and molecular targets including inhibition of prostaglandin and leukotriene biosynthesis and suppression of 5-lipoxygenase. Furthermore, inhibition of phosphorylation of three mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) are also discussed. The role of ginger in reducing the extent of cardiovascular disorders, diabetes mellitus, and digestive problems has also been described in detail. Although, current review articles summarized the literature pertaining to ginger and its components. However, authors are still of the view that further research should be immediately carried out for meticulousness.
最近的研究利用饮食疗法和其他方案等现代工具，使几个世纪以来的传统草药得以复兴，以治疗各种疾病。生姜就是一个经典的例子，它不仅可用于烹饪，还具有独特的治疗意义，因为它具有抗氧化、抗菌和抗炎的潜力。生姜的辛辣成分，即姜酚、姜烯、姜酮和倍半萜烯和单萜烯等挥发性成分，主要归因于生姜对健康的促进作用。本综述阐述了生姜的健康益处及其分子方面和靶点，特别是在抗癌、免疫营养、抗氧化潜力和心血管治疗方面。涉及化学预防的分子靶点，如通过损害核易位抑制 NF-κB 激活，抑制 cIAP1 表达，增加 caspase-3/7 激活，使细胞周期停滞在 G2+M 期，上调细胞色素-c、Apaf-1，激活 PI3K/Akt/I kappaB 激酶 IKK，抑制细胞增殖，诱导细胞凋亡和染色质浓缩。同样，也介绍了生姜成分的抗炎反应及其分子靶点，包括抑制前列腺素和白三烯的生物合成以及抑制 5-脂氧合酶。此外，还讨论了抑制三种丝裂原激活蛋白激酶（MAPKs）、细胞外信号调节激酶 1 和 2（ERK1/2）和 c-Jun N-末端激酶（JNK）的磷酸化。生姜在减少心血管疾病、糖尿病和消化问题的程度方面的作用也有详细描述。尽管目前的综述文章对生姜及其成分的文献进行了总结，但作者仍认为应该立即进行进一步的研究，以确保准确性。
