Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, 1501NW9th Avenue, NPF/3015, LeonardM.Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
J Addict Dis. 2011 Apr;30(2):149-58. doi: 10.1080/10550887.2011.554782.
Nicotine addiction produces diverse physiological effects common to both men and women because of activation of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. In addition to these effects, nicotine reduces circulating estrogen (the female sex hormone) levels and leads to early onset of menopause in women. Nicotine's effect on estrogen metabolism has potential far-reaching consequences because endogenous circulating estrogen helps prevent cerebrovascular diseases in premenopausal women. In this article, the author presents a survey of literature showing that nicotine addiction causes unique deleterious effects in women's brains by inhibiting estrogen signaling, which makes the brain more susceptible to ischemic brain damage.
尼古丁成瘾会通过激活烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体，对男女产生多种常见的生理效应。除了这些效应，尼古丁还会降低循环雌激素（女性性激素）水平，导致女性更年期提前。尼古丁对雌激素代谢的影响可能会产生深远的影响，因为内源性循环雌激素有助于预防绝经前女性的脑血管疾病。在本文中，作者对文献进行了综述，表明尼古丁成瘾通过抑制雌激素信号，对女性大脑造成独特的有害影响，使大脑更容易受到缺血性脑损伤。
