Ang K C, Leow J W H, Yeap W K, Hood S, Mahani M C, Md-Zain B M
School of Environment and Natural Resource Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
Genet Mol Res. 2011 Apr 12;10(2):640-9. doi: 10.4238/vol10-2gmr1011.
Malaysia remains as a crossroad of different cultures and peoples, and it has long been recognized that studying its population history can provide crucial insight into the prehistory of Southeast Asia as a whole. The earliest inhabitants were the Orang Asli in Peninsular Malaysia and the indigenous groups in Sabah and Sarawak. Although they were the earliest migrants in this region, these tribes are divided geographically by the South China Sea. We analyzed DNA sequences of 18 Orang Asli using mitochondrial DNA extracted from blood samples, each representing one sub-tribe, and from five Sarawakian Iban. Mitochondrial DNA was extracted from hair samples in order to examine relationships with the main ethnic groups in Malaysia. The D-loop region and cytochrome b genes were used as the candidate loci. Phylogenetic relationships were investigated using maximum parsimony and neighbor joining algorithms, and each tree was subjected to bootstrap analysis with 1000 replicates. Analyses of the HVS I region showed that the Iban are not a distinct group from the Orang Asli; they form a sub-clade within the Orang Asli. Based on the cytochrome b gene, the Iban clustered with the Orang Asli in the same clade. We found evidence for considerable gene flow between Orang Asli and Iban. We concluded that the Orang Asli, Iban and the main ethnic groups of Malaysia are probably derived from a common ancestor. This is in agreement with a single-route migration theory, but it does not dismiss a two-route migration theory.
马来西亚仍然是不同文化和民族的交汇点，长期以来人们认识到，研究其人口历史可以为整个东南亚的史前史提供至关重要的见解。最早的居民是马来西亚半岛的原住民以及沙巴和砂拉越的土著群体。尽管他们是该地区最早的移民，但这些部落被南中国海在地理上分隔开来。我们分析了18名原住民的DNA序列，这些序列使用从血样中提取的线粒体DNA，每个血样代表一个亚部落，还分析了5名砂拉越伊班人的线粒体DNA。为了研究与马来西亚主要民族的关系，我们从毛发样本中提取了线粒体DNA。D环区域和细胞色素b基因被用作候选基因座。使用最大简约法和邻接法算法研究系统发育关系，并对每棵树进行1000次重复的自展分析。对高变区I的分析表明，伊班人并非与原住民截然不同的群体；他们在原住民中形成一个亚分支。基于细胞色素b基因，伊班人与原住民聚集在同一个分支中。我们发现了原住民和伊班人之间存在大量基因流动的证据。我们得出结论，原住民、伊班人和马来西亚的主要民族可能源自共同的祖先。这与单一路线迁移理论相符，但并不排除双路线迁移理论。
