INSERM U676, Université Paris 7, Faculté de Médecine Denis Diderot, PremUP, Paris 75019, France.
J Comp Neurol. 2011 Oct 1;519(14):2811-37. doi: 10.1002/cne.22653.
The neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) plays an important role in the motor thalamic nuclei. This report analyzes the distribution of the GABA-producing enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase isoform 65 (GAD65), stained with monoclonal antibody, in human and rhesus monkey thalami and compares it with staining patterns of some widely used cytoskeletal and calcium binding protein markers. GAD65 immunoreactivity distinctly labeled two systems: fibers and terminals of basal ganglia thalamic afferents and local circuit neurons, revealing fine features of GABAergic circuitry in the human thalamus. Gross distribution patterns of GAD65 were identical in human and rhesus monkey thalami. The area displaying specific staining of large-caliber beaded fibers coincided with nigro- and pallidothalamic afferent territories previously identified in monkeys with anterograde tracers. Accordingly, a similarly stained region in the human thalamus was considered basal ganglia territory. Except for cytoarchitecture, no specific markers differentiating between the nigro- and pallidothalamic projection zones within this territory were found. GAD65 staining in the cerebellar afferent territory reflected organization of its local circuit neuron network, distinguishing it from adjacent nuclei. Specific GAD65 staining pattern and negative calcium binding protein immunoreactivity identify the cerebellar afferent territory in humans. It is subdivided further into ventral and dorsal regions based on the cytoskeletal protein SMI31 staining pattern. The nuclear outlines revised according to the results are compared with those of Hassler (Schaltenbrand G and Bailey P [1959] Einfuhrung in die stereotaktishen Operationen mit einem Atlas des menschlichen Gehirns, vol 3. Stuttgart: Thieme) and discussed in light of the ongoing controversy regarding delineations of the motor thalamic nuclei in humans.
神经递质γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）在运动丘脑核中发挥重要作用。本报告分析了用单克隆抗体染色的谷氨酸脱羧酶同工酶 65（GAD65）产生 GABA 的酶的分布，与一些广泛使用的细胞骨架和钙结合蛋白标志物的染色模式进行比较。GAD65 免疫反应性明显标记了两个系统：基底神经节丘脑传入纤维和末梢和局部回路神经元，揭示了人类丘脑 GABA 能回路的细微特征。GAD65 在人类和恒河猴丘脑的大体分布模式相同。显示大口径珠状纤维特异性染色的区域与先前用顺行示踪剂在猴子中确定的黑质和苍白球丘脑传入区域相吻合。因此，人类丘脑中具有相似染色的区域被认为是基底神经节区域。除了细胞构筑外，在该区域内没有发现可区分黑质和苍白球投射区的特定标记物。小脑传入区域的 GAD65 染色反映了其局部回路神经元网络的组织，将其与相邻核区分开来。GAD65 染色的特异性和钙结合蛋白免疫反应性在人类中识别小脑传入区域。根据细胞骨架蛋白 SMI31 染色模式，它进一步分为腹侧和背侧区域。根据结果修订的核轮廓与 Hassler（Schaltenbrand G 和 Bailey P [1959] Einführung in die stereotaktischen Operationen mit einem Atlas des menschlichen Gehirns，vol 3. Stuttgart：Thieme）的核轮廓进行了比较，并根据当前关于人类运动丘脑核划定的争议进行了讨论。
