Oikari Aimo, Lahti Marja, Meriläinen Päivi, Afanasyev Sergey, Krasnov Aleksei
Division of Environmental Science and Technology, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014, Finland.
J Environ Monit. 2010 May;12(5):1045-54. doi: 10.1039/b922532c.
Field experiments were conducted in early summer 2004 by caging brown trout (Salmo trutta m. lacustris) in Southern Lake Saimaa (SE Finland) for 10 days. Cages were positioned into two depths at four distances (5 to 17 km) from the pulp and paper mill; one set with direct contact to the sediment and other locating at the three meters' depth from the water surface. Resin acids were measured from sediment, water, and fish bile. Possible toxicities were investigated by measuring liver EROD-activity, HSP70-protein, and gene expression profiles by microarray. The concentration of resin acids in the sediment showed clear gradient along the distance from the mill, and their concentrations in water ranged approximately from one to 30 microg L(-1). In the trout bile, concentrations were higher near the surface than on the bottom, indicating the role of current releases as sources of resin acids. When compared to trout held upstream from the effluent source, no differences were found in liver EROD nor HSP70 in bottom cages. However, near surface, a slight but statistically significant increase in EROD and HSP70 was found. Altogether 145 genes were found to be differentially regulated at downstream sites when compared 10 km upstream from the mill. The numbers of genes at each site varied from 5 to 45 without consistent differences between bottom and surface cages. Overall, neither expression profiles nor composition of the transcription signatures made possible to conclude an overt toxicity in exposed brown trout.
2004年初夏，在芬兰南部塞马湖（南塞马湖）对褐鳟（湖鳟）进行了为期10天的笼养野外实验。笼子设置在距造纸厂4个不同距离（5至17公里）的两个深度处；一组与沉积物直接接触，另一组位于水面以下3米深处。对沉积物、水和鱼胆汁中的树脂酸进行了测量。通过测量肝脏EROD活性、HSP70蛋白以及利用微阵列分析基因表达谱，研究了可能的毒性。沉积物中树脂酸的浓度沿离工厂的距离呈现明显梯度，其在水中的浓度范围约为1至30微克/升。在鳟鱼胆汁中，表层附近的浓度高于底层，这表明水流排放是树脂酸的来源之一。与废水排放源上游的鳟鱼相比，底层笼子中的鳟鱼肝脏EROD和HSP70没有差异。然而，在表层附近，EROD和HSP70有轻微但具有统计学意义的增加。与工厂上游10公里处相比，在下游位点共发现145个基因存在差异调节。每个位点的基因数量从5到45不等，底层和表层笼子之间没有一致的差异。总体而言，无论是表达谱还是转录特征的组成，都无法得出暴露的褐鳟存在明显毒性的结论。
