Oikari A, Linström-Seppä P, Kukkonen J
Department of Biology, University of Joensuu, Finland.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 1988 Dec;16(3):202-18. doi: 10.1016/0147-6513(88)90051-6.
Juvenile lake trout (Salmo trutta m. lacustris) were exposed for 7 weeks to 0.05X and 0.2X 96-hr LC50 concentrations of simulated bleached kraft pulp mill effluent (KME - Sa + CP). A sulfate soap preparation, composed mainly of resin and fatty acids, with added chlorophenols (CP, tri-, tetra-, and penta-CP) was used as the toxicant mixture. Concentrations of free CP in plasma and free and conjugated CP in bile were proportional to their concentrations in the water. The greatest total gradient between bile and water CP was 5.2 X 10(4) for pentachlorophenol. The activity of a liver polysubstrate monooxygenase (PSMO) system, assayed with three model substrates, increased 40 to 67% due to KME - Sa + CP. However, the increase was not directly dependent on the exposure concentration. In contrast to PSMO, activities of conjugating enzymes (p-nitrophenol UDP-glucuronosyl and glutathione transferases) were decreased in the liver. Increased concentration of glutathione was noted in the liver and kidney. In addition, a small (9%) but significant decrease in blood hemoglobin concentration was observed at the higher exposure concentration. Although growth rate of lake trout was markedly decreased due to KME - Sa + CP, hydromineral balance and carbohydrate metabolism in fish were unaffected, indicating possible physiological compensation. On the other hand, lethality tests with lake trout preexposed to KME - Sa + CP at 0.2 X LC50 revealed decreased tolerance, whereas at the lower exposure concentration it was unchanged. We therefore conclude that various physiological adjustments in trout during subchronic exposures were not adaptive in terms of short-term tolerance.
将幼年湖鳟（Salmo trutta m. lacustris）暴露于0.05倍和0.2倍96小时半数致死浓度（LC50）的模拟漂白硫酸盐浆厂废水（KME - Sa + CP）中7周。一种主要由树脂和脂肪酸组成，并添加了氯酚（CP，三氯酚、四氯酚和五氯酚）的硫酸盐皂制剂被用作毒物混合物。血浆中游离CP以及胆汁中游离和结合CP的浓度与水中的浓度成正比。五氯酚在胆汁和水CP之间的最大总梯度为5.2×10⁴。用三种模型底物测定的肝脏多底物单加氧酶（PSMO）系统的活性，因KME - Sa + CP而增加了40%至67%。然而，这种增加并不直接依赖于暴露浓度。与PSMO相反，肝脏中结合酶（对硝基苯酚UDP - 葡萄糖醛酸基转移酶和谷胱甘肽转移酶）的活性降低。肝脏和肾脏中谷胱甘肽的浓度增加。此外，在较高暴露浓度下观察到血液血红蛋白浓度有轻微（9%）但显著的下降。尽管湖鳟的生长速率因KME - Sa + CP而显著降低，但鱼类的水盐平衡和碳水化合物代谢未受影响，表明可能存在生理补偿。另一方面，对预先暴露于0.2倍LC50的KME - Sa + CP的湖鳟进行的致死性试验显示耐受性降低，而在较低暴露浓度下则未改变。因此，我们得出结论，在亚慢性暴露期间，鳟鱼的各种生理调节在短期耐受性方面并非适应性的。
