Vector Control Division, National Institute of Malaria Research (ICMR), Sector 8, Dwarka, New Delhi 110077, India.
Parasitol Res. 2011 Oct;109(4):1165-77. doi: 10.1007/s00436-011-2364-x. Epub 2011 Apr 15.
The glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are phase II class of detoxification enzymes that are involved both directly and indirectly in insecticide resistance mechanisms. The Culex quinquefasciatus GST superfamily was analyzed by utilizing the public domain Culex genome sequence. In total, 35 cytosolic (seven classes) and 5 microsomal putatively active GSTs were retrieved, classified, and annotated. The study revealed the presence of three unclassified GSTs. Of 35 cytosolic GSTs, 65% contributed by insect specific Delta-Epsilon classes. Gene cluster analysis revealed that most of the genes of Delta, Epsilon, and Theta classes were organized into gene clusters. The gene organization analysis revealed the dominance of phase "0" introns in the Culex GST family. The studies on intron loss and gain events revealed that the Delta GSTs have experienced a higher number of loss and gains during their evolution. A positive correlation was observed between the phylogenetic relationship of members of the GST superfamily and their corresponding exon-intron organization. In addition, the genes within the gene clusters revealed the monophyletic phylogenetic relationship implying the importance of gene duplication events in the gene families' evolution. Finally, the comparative genomic analysis has shown a complex evolutionary scenario associated with the GST supergene family evolution in insects.
谷胱甘肽 S-转移酶（GSTs）是参与昆虫抗药性机制的直接和间接的 II 期解毒酶类。利用公共领域库蚊基因组序列分析了库蚊 GST 超家族。总共检索到 35 种细胞质（7 类）和 5 种微粒体推定活性 GSTs，并对其进行了分类和注释。研究表明存在 3 种未分类的 GSTs。在 35 种细胞质 GSTs 中，65%由昆虫特异性 Delta-Epsilon 类贡献。基因簇分析表明，Delta、Epsilon 和 Theta 类的大多数基因都被组织成基因簇。基因组织分析表明，相位“0”内含子在库蚊 GST 家族中占主导地位。关于内含子丢失和获得事件的研究表明，Delta GSTs 在进化过程中经历了更多的丢失和获得。在 GST 超家族成员的系统发育关系与其相应的外显子-内含子组织之间观察到正相关。此外，基因簇内的基因揭示了单系的系统发育关系，这意味着基因复制事件在基因家族进化中的重要性。最后，比较基因组分析表明，与昆虫 GST 超基因家族进化相关的是一个复杂的进化情景。
