Department of Plant Pathology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1311, USA.
Annu Rev Phytopathol. 2011;49:483-506. doi: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-072910-095426.
The cytoskeleton, a dynamic network of cytoplasmic polymers, plays a central role in numerous fundamental processes, such as development, reproduction, and cellular responses to biotic and abiotic stimuli. As a platform for innate immune responses in mammalian cells, the actin cytoskeleton is a central component in the organization and activation of host defenses, including signaling and cellular repair. In plants, our understanding of the genetic and biochemical responses in both pathogen and host that are required for virulence and resistance has grown enormously. Additional advances in live-cell imaging of cytoskeletal dynamics have markedly altered our view of actin turnover in plants. In this review, we outline current knowledge of host resistance following pathogen perception, both in terms of the genetic interactions that mediate defense signaling, as well as the biochemical and cellular processes that are required for defense signaling.
细胞骨架是细胞质聚合物的动态网络，在许多基本过程中发挥着核心作用，如发育、繁殖以及细胞对生物和非生物刺激的反应。作为哺乳动物细胞固有免疫反应的平台，肌动蛋白细胞骨架是组织和激活宿主防御的核心组成部分，包括信号转导和细胞修复。在植物中，我们对病原体和宿主中与毒力和抗性相关的遗传和生化反应的理解已经有了巨大的增长。在活细胞中对细胞骨架动力学进行成像的进一步进展，显著改变了我们对植物中肌动蛋白周转的看法。在这篇综述中，我们概述了病原体感知后宿主抗性的现有知识，包括介导防御信号转导的遗传相互作用，以及防御信号转导所需的生化和细胞过程。
