Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA.
Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA.
J Integr Plant Biol. 2016 Apr;58(4):299-311. doi: 10.1111/jipb.12445. Epub 2015 Dec 16.
The eukaryotic actin cytoskeleton is required for numerous cellular processes, including cell shape, development and movement, gene expression and signal transduction, and response to biotic and abiotic stress. In recent years, research in both plants and animal systems have described a function for actin as the ideal surveillance platform, linking the function and activity of primary physiological processes to the immune system. In this review, we will highlight recent advances that have defined the regulation and breadth of function of the actin cytoskeleton as a network required for defense signaling following pathogen infection. Coupled with an overview of recent work demonstrating specific targeting of the plant actin cytoskeleton by a diversity of pathogens, including bacteria, fungi and viruses, we will highlight the importance of actin as a key signaling hub in plants, one that mediates surveillance of cellular homeostasis and the activation of specific signaling responses following pathogen perception. Based on the studies highlighted herein, we propose a working model that posits changes in actin filament organization is in and of itself a highly specific signal, which induces, regulates and physically directs stimulus-specific signaling processes, most importantly, those associated with response to pathogens.
真核生物肌动蛋白细胞骨架对于许多细胞过程是必需的，包括细胞形状、发育和运动、基因表达和信号转导以及对生物和非生物胁迫的反应。近年来，植物和动物系统的研究都描述了肌动蛋白的一个功能，即作为理想的监测平台，将主要生理过程的功能和活性与免疫系统联系起来。在这篇综述中，我们将重点介绍最近的进展，这些进展定义了肌动蛋白细胞骨架作为防御信号的网络的调节和功能广度，以响应病原体感染。结合最近的工作概述，这些工作表明多种病原体（包括细菌、真菌和病毒）特异性靶向植物肌动蛋白细胞骨架，我们将强调肌动蛋白作为植物中关键信号枢纽的重要性，它介导细胞内稳态的监测，并在感知病原体后激活特定的信号反应。基于本文强调的研究，我们提出了一个工作模型，提出肌动蛋白丝组织的变化本身就是一个高度特异性的信号，它诱导、调节和物理指导刺激特异性信号过程，最重要的是，那些与对病原体的反应相关的过程。
