Leitão Raquel, Rodrigues Luís Paulo, Neves Luísa, Carvalho Graça Simões
Polytechnic Institute of Viana do Castelo, Portugal.
Ann Hum Biol. 2011 Jul;38(4):520-8. doi: 10.3109/03014460.2011.571220. Epub 2011 Apr 18.
Cross-sectional data show high prevalence of overweight in Portuguese children, but there are few longitudinal studies describing the patterns of obesity development in the young.
To examine the trajectories of obesity from late childhood to adolescence.
Triceps and subscapular skinfold thickness measurements were carried out in 288 children at age 9 (baseline) and later at age 15 (follow-up). Percentage body fat (%BF) was estimated according to Slaughter equations and the health-related definition of obesity ( ≥ 25%BF in boys and ≥ 30%BF in girls) was used.
In boys, the prevalence of obesity decreased from 21.9% to 14.8% (p < 0.05) while in girls it increased from 14.3% to 19.5%. The incidence of obesity in the 6-year study period was 2.6% and 8.3% for boys and girls, respectively (p < 0.05). In comparison with girls, the percentage of boys that reversed obesity was more than 3-fold higher (3% vs 9.7%, p < 0.05). Obesity tracked moderately in both sexes (Kappa = 0.6, p < 0.001).
The results indicate a marked sex difference in the incidence and reversal of obesity from late childhood to adolescence that is unfavourable to girls. Consideration of this difference might be important when designing programmes for the prevention and treatment of obesity focusing on this period.
横断面数据显示葡萄牙儿童中超重的患病率很高，但很少有纵向研究描述年轻人肥胖发展的模式。
研究从儿童晚期到青春期的肥胖轨迹。
对288名儿童在9岁（基线）时进行肱三头肌和肩胛下皮褶厚度测量，之后在15岁（随访）时再次测量。根据斯劳特方程估算体脂百分比（%BF），并采用与健康相关的肥胖定义（男孩≥25%BF，女孩≥30%BF）。
男孩的肥胖患病率从21.9%降至14.8%（p<0.05），而女孩的肥胖患病率从14.3%升至19.5%。在6年的研究期内，男孩和女孩的肥胖发病率分别为2.6%和8.3%（p<0.05）。与女孩相比，肥胖逆转的男孩比例高出3倍多（3%对9.7%，p<0.05）。肥胖在两性中均有中度追踪性（Kappa=0.6，p<0.001）。
结果表明，从儿童晚期到青春期，肥胖的发病率和逆转情况存在明显的性别差异，对女孩不利。在设计针对这一时期的肥胖预防和治疗方案时，考虑这种差异可能很重要。
