Department of Physical Education and Sport, Madeira University, Funchal, Portugal.
Phys Sportsmed. 2011 May;39(2):78-86. doi: 10.3810/psm.2011.05.1897.
Several variables, such as waist circumference (WC) and trunk skinfolds (TS), are indicators of body fat. There is interest in evaluating the effect of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) measures on changes in these markers from childhood to adolescence.
To examine CRF as a potential predictor of changes in body fat over an 8-year follow-up period in a pediatric population.
A cohort study of 86 children (44 girls, 42 boys) with a mean age of 9.8 ± 0.3 years who participated in the Portuguese arm of the European Youth Heart Study in 2000 completed a follow-up evaluation in 2008 at a mean age of 17.0 ± 0.4 years. Cardiorespiratory fitness, expressed as maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max) (mL·kg(-1)·min(-1)), was assessed during an incremental multistage bicycle test to exhaustion. Physical activity (PA) was objectively measured by accelerometry at both periods of evaluation. Fat mass (FM) was assessed using anthropometric models, sum of TS, and WC. Changes were expressed as a percentage of the baseline value. Comparison of means and linear regression analysis were used for data analysis.
While CRF significantly increased among boys (P < 0.05) and decreased in girls (P < 0.01), the percentage of body fat decreased over time in boys (P < 0.01) and increased among girls. Alone, CRF explained 39%, 26%, and 25% of the total variance in WC, FM, and TS, respectively (P < 0.01). Adjusting for PA, sex, and maturation changes, CRF remained a significant predictor of WC (β = -0.335; P < 0.01), FM (β = -2.084; P < 0.01), and TS (β = -1.500; P < 0.01).
Changes in CRF are a significant predictor of changes in body fat percentage from childhood to adolescence. School-based PA interventions are encouraged to maintain or improve CRF from childhood and throughout adolescence to prevent increased percentages of body fat, particularly in the abdominal region.
腰围（WC）和躯干皮褶（TS）等多个变量是体脂的指标。人们对评估心肺功能（CRF）测量值对儿童期到青春期这些标志物变化的影响很感兴趣。
在儿科人群中，用 8 年的随访时间评估 CRF 作为体脂变化的潜在预测指标。
对 86 名儿童（44 名女孩，42 名男孩）进行了一项队列研究，他们的平均年龄为 9.8 ± 0.3 岁，参加了 2000 年在葡萄牙进行的欧洲青年心脏研究的欧洲部分，并于 2008 年在平均年龄为 17.0 ± 0.4 岁时完成了随访评估。心肺功能通过递增多阶段自行车至力竭的测试来评估，以最大摄氧量（VO2 max）（mL·kg(-1)·min(-1)）表示。在两个评估期间，通过加速度计客观测量体力活动（PA）。使用人体测量模型、TS 总和 WC 来评估脂肪量（FM）。变化以基线值的百分比表示。采用均值比较和线性回归分析进行数据分析。
虽然 CRF 在男孩中显著增加（P < 0.05），而在女孩中下降（P < 0.01），但体脂百分比随时间在男孩中减少（P < 0.01），在女孩中增加。单独来看，CRF 分别解释了 WC、FM 和 TS 总方差的 39%、26%和 25%（P < 0.01）。调整 PA、性别和成熟变化后，CRF 仍然是 WC（β = -0.335；P < 0.01）、FM（β = -2.084；P < 0.01）和 TS（β = -1.500；P < 0.01）的显著预测因子。
CRF 的变化是儿童期到青春期体脂百分比变化的一个重要预测指标。鼓励以学校为基础的 PA 干预措施，以维持或提高儿童期和整个青春期的 CRF，以防止体脂百分比增加，特别是在腹部区域。
