Department of Urology, The Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210008, People's Republic of China.
Department of Urology, The Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210008, People's Republic of China.
J Pediatr Surg. 2011 Apr;46(4):723-728. doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2010.09.013.
The aim of the study was to investigate the composition of the stones in Chinese children with urolithiasis, including peculiar stones induced by melamine-contaminated milk powder.
Between 1999 and 2009, 189 urinary stones from children of East China were received at our institution. Among them, 12 stones were received from pediatric stone formers with a history of consuming melamine-contaminated milk powder in 2008; and the remaining stones were defined as "natural" stones. All stones were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.
Among 177 "natural" stones, whewellite stone (49.72%) was observed most frequently followed by weddellite stone (15.25%), uric acid anhydrous stone (9.6%), carbapatite stone (9.04%), cystine stone (9.04%), ammonium acid urate stone (4.52%), struvite stone (2.26%), and sodium urate stone (0.56%). Twelve young children who consumed melamine-contaminated milk powder were younger than 3 years, and their stones were composed of a mixture of uric acid dihydrate and ammonium acid urate based on Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. In addition, the stones were radiolucent and could be dissolved by urine alkalinization.
Our study emphasizes the relatively high rate of calcium oxalate stones and cystine stones, and the relatively low rate of struvite stones in Chinese children with urolithiasis. The stones caused by melamine-contaminated milk powder are composed of the mixture of uric acid dihydrate and ammonium acid urate.
本研究旨在探讨中国儿童尿石症结石的成分，包括三聚氰胺污染奶粉引起的特殊结石。
1999 年至 2009 年期间，我院共接收了来自华东地区 189 例儿童的尿路结石。其中，12 例结石来自 2008 年有食用三聚氰胺污染奶粉史的小儿结石患者；其余结石被定义为“天然”结石。所有结石均采用傅里叶变换红外光谱法进行分析。
在 177 例“天然”结石中，最常见的是羟磷灰石结石（49.72%），其次是二水草酸钙结石（15.25%）、无水尿酸结石（9.6%）、碳酸磷灰石结石（9.04%）、胱氨酸结石（9.04%）、尿酸铵结石（4.52%）、鸟粪石结石（2.26%）和尿酸钠结石（0.56%）。12 名食用三聚氰胺污染奶粉的幼儿年龄均小于 3 岁，其结石根据傅里叶变换红外光谱法分析由二水合尿酸和尿酸铵组成。此外，这些结石为透射线性结石，可通过尿液碱化溶解。
本研究强调了中国儿童尿石症中草酸钙结石和胱氨酸结石相对较高，而鸟粪石结石相对较低的发生率。三聚氰胺污染奶粉引起的结石由二水合尿酸和尿酸铵组成。
