Department of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Gansu Province, 730030, China.
Clin Chim Acta. 2012 Jun 14;413(11-12):985-91. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2012.02.025. Epub 2012 Mar 3.
Crystalline morphology and compositions of melamine-associated urinary stones caused by consumption of melamine-contaminated infant formula are reported.
Twelve melamine-associated urinary stone samples were obtained from 12 children aged from 3 to 36 months who were treated in Lanzhou University Second Hospital. The crystalline morphology and compositions of these stone samples were analyzed using a combination of infrared spectrum, SEM and XRD. The presence of melamine in 12 stones was determined by HPLC.
Diversity of crystalline morphology in 10 stone samples was revealed by SEM observation. Infrared spectral data revealed that 8 of the 10 stone samples predominantly consisted of the crystal forms of urate: 1 of sodium urate monohydrate, 2 of uricite and 5 of uric acid dihydrate and ammonium urate. However, ammonium magnesium phosphate hexahydrate, ammonium urate and carbonate apatite were also identified in 1 stone sample. The content of melamine in all of the 12 stone samples was determined by HPLC and found to range from 200 to 339,000 μg/g. XRD analysis in 6 stone samples showed that amorphous mineral phase was involved in the calculogenesis.
Melamine and uric acid are the main possible etiologic factors closely related to melamine-associated urinary stone formation in humans.
本文报道了食用受三聚氰胺污染的婴儿配方奶粉导致的三聚氰胺相关尿路结石的结晶形态和成分。
从兰州大学第二医院治疗的 12 名 3 至 36 个月大的儿童中获得了 12 个三聚氰胺相关尿路结石样本。使用红外光谱、SEM 和 XRD 相结合的方法分析这些结石样本的结晶形态和成分。通过 HPLC 确定 12 个结石中三聚氰胺的存在。
SEM 观察显示，10 个结石样本的结晶形态存在多样性。红外光谱数据显示，10 个结石样本中有 8 个主要由尿酸的晶体形式组成：1 个一水合尿酸钠、2 个尿酸、5 个二水合尿酸和铵尿酸。然而，在 1 个结石样本中还鉴定出了六水合磷酸铵镁、尿酸铵和碳酸磷灰石。通过 HPLC 测定了所有 12 个结石样本中三聚氰胺的含量，范围为 200 至 339,000μg/g。6 个结石样本的 XRD 分析表明，无定形矿物相参与了结石的形成。
三聚氰胺和尿酸是与三聚氰胺相关的人类尿路结石形成密切相关的主要可能病因因素。
