Zesiewicz Theresa A, Sullivan Kelly L
Department of Neurology, University of South Florida, Tampa 33612, USA.
Handb Clin Neurol. 2011;100:347-63. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-52014-2.00027-6.
Hyperkinetic movement disorders are characterized by excess movement, and include chorea, akathesia, asterixis, dystonia, tremor, myoclonus, and tics. A wide variety of pharmacologic agents may induce or exacerbate these disorders. Neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesia and levodopa-induced hyperkinesia are the most common causes of medication-induced chorea. However, several nonneuroleptic agents, including antidepressants and antiepileptic medications, may also worsen hyperkinetic movement disorders. Over-the-counter medications, such as analgesics and antiheartburn medications, have also occasionally been implicated as causing hyperkinetic movement disorders. Most information regarding drug-induced hyperkinetic disorders comes from case reports and anecdotes, rather than controlled clinical trials. Further research with larger controlled trials needs to verify many of these findings.
运动亢进性运动障碍的特征是运动过多，包括舞蹈症、静坐不能、扑翼样震颤、肌张力障碍、震颤、肌阵挛和抽搐。多种药物制剂可能诱发或加重这些疾病。抗精神病药物引起的迟发性运动障碍和左旋多巴引起的运动亢进是药物性舞蹈症最常见的原因。然而，包括抗抑郁药和抗癫痫药在内的几种非抗精神病药物也可能使运动亢进性运动障碍恶化。非处方药物，如镇痛药和抗烧心药物，偶尔也被认为会导致运动亢进性运动障碍。关于药物性运动亢进性疾病的大多数信息来自病例报告和轶事，而非对照临床试验。需要通过更大规模的对照试验进行进一步研究以验证其中许多发现。
