Graduate School of Education, Harvard University, 14 Appian Way, Larsen Hall 512, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
J Exp Child Psychol. 2011 Aug;109(4):468-77. doi: 10.1016/j.jecp.2011.03.010. Epub 2011 Apr 17.
Young children seem to operate under the assumption that objects always fall in a straight vertical line. When asked to search for a ball dropped down an S-shaped opaque tube, they repeatedly search directly below. Hood proposed that children have difficulty in inhibiting their prepotent expectation that objects fall in a straight line (Hood, 1995). We asked whether the inability to inhibit this prepotent response is the only factor determining children's performance on the tubes task. In one condition the openings to the tubes were covered by chimneys, whereas in another condition the openings were visible. When first tested with the apparatus, children performed better when the openings were visible. Furthermore, children's performance on equally complex configurations (i.e., with or without chimneys) was modulated by their previous experience. Thus, children's understanding of the tubes mechanism seems to play an important role in addition to inhibitory control.
幼儿似乎认为物体总是垂直下落。当被要求在一个 S 形不透明管中寻找一个下落的球时,他们反复直接在下方搜索。Hood 提出,儿童很难抑制他们的主要预期,即物体直线下落(Hood,1995)。我们询问,无法抑制这种主要反应是否是决定儿童在管任务中表现的唯一因素。在一种情况下,管的开口被烟囱覆盖,而在另一种情况下,开口是可见的。当首次使用该装置进行测试时,当开口可见时,儿童的表现更好。此外,儿童对同等复杂配置(即有或没有烟囱)的表现受到他们先前经验的调节。因此,儿童对管机制的理解似乎除了抑制控制之外还起着重要作用。