Graduate Program, Human Movement Science, Institute of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Res Dev Disabil. 2011 Sep-Oct;32(5):1814-21. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2011.03.011. Epub 2011 Apr 16.
Difficulty with literacy acquisition is only one of the symptoms of developmental dyslexia. Dyslexic children also show poor motor coordination and postural control. Those problems could be associated with automaticity, i.e., difficulty in performing a task without dispending a fair amount of conscious efforts. If this is the case, dyslexic children would show difficulties in using "unperceived" sensory cues to control body sway. Therefore, the aim of the study was to examine postural control performance and the coupling between visual information and body sway in dyslexic children. Ten dyslexic children and 10 non-dyslexic children stood upright inside a moving room that remained stationary or oscillated back and forward at frequencies of 0.2 or 0.5 Hz. Body sway magnitude and the relationship between the room's movement and body sway were examined. The results indicated that dyslexic children oscillated more than non-dyslexic children in both stationary and oscillating conditions. Visual manipulation induced body sway in all children but the coupling between visual information and body sway was weaker and more variable in dyslexic children. Based upon these results, we can suggest that dyslexic children use visual information to postural control with the same underlying processes as non-dyslexic children; however, dyslexic children show poorer performance and more variability while relating visual information and motor action even in a task that does not require an active cognitive and conscious motor involvement, which may be a further evidence of automaticity problem.
阅读障碍的表现不仅是发展性阅读障碍的症状之一。阅读障碍儿童还表现出运动协调和姿势控制不良。这些问题可能与自动性有关，即无需花费大量有意识的努力即可完成任务的能力。如果是这样，阅读障碍儿童在使用“未感知”的感官线索来控制身体摆动方面会遇到困难。因此，本研究旨在检查阅读障碍儿童的姿势控制表现和视觉信息与身体摆动之间的耦合。10 名阅读障碍儿童和 10 名非阅读障碍儿童在一个移动的房间里直立，房间保持静止或以 0.2 或 0.5 Hz 的频率前后摆动。检查了身体摆动幅度以及房间运动与身体摆动之间的关系。结果表明，在静止和摆动两种情况下，阅读障碍儿童的摆动幅度都大于非阅读障碍儿童。视觉处理在所有儿童中都会引起身体摆动，但视觉信息与身体摆动之间的耦合在阅读障碍儿童中较弱且更具变异性。基于这些结果，我们可以假设阅读障碍儿童使用视觉信息进行姿势控制的过程与非阅读障碍儿童相同；然而，阅读障碍儿童在关联视觉信息和运动动作时表现出较差的性能和更多的可变性，即使在不需要主动认知和有意识的运动参与的任务中，这可能是自动性问题的进一步证据。
