Harlow Center for Biological Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA.
Neuropsychol Rev. 2011 Jun;21(2):186-203. doi: 10.1007/s11065-011-9168-8. Epub 2011 Apr 19.
The use of alcohol by women during pregnancy is a continuing problem. In this review the behavioral effects of prenatal alcohol from animal models are described and related to studies of children and adults with FASD. Studies with monkeys and rodents show that prenatal alcohol exposure adversely affects neonatal orienting, attention and motor maturity, as well as activity level, executive function, response inhibition, and sensory processing later in life. The primate moderate dose behavioral findings fill an important gap between human correlational data and rodent mechanistic research. These animal findings are directly translatable to human findings. Moreover, primate studies that manipulated prenatal alcohol exposure and prenatal stress independently show that prenatal stress exacerbates prenatal alcohol-induced behavioral impairments, underscoring the need to consider stress-induced effects in fetal alcohol research. Studies in rodents and primates show long-term effects of prenatal and developmental alcohol exposure on dopamine system functioning, which could underpin the behavioral effects.
孕期女性饮酒是一个持续存在的问题。在本次综述中，描述了动物模型中产前酒精对行为的影响，并将其与患有 FASD 的儿童和成人的研究相关联。对猴子和啮齿动物的研究表明，产前酒精暴露会对新生儿的定向、注意力和运动成熟度以及活动水平、执行功能、反应抑制和感觉处理产生不利影响。灵长类动物适度剂量行为研究填补了人类相关性数据和啮齿动物机制研究之间的重要空白。这些动物研究结果可以直接转化为人类研究结果。此外，对灵长类动物进行的独立操纵产前酒精暴露和产前应激的研究表明，产前应激会加剧产前酒精引起的行为障碍，这突显了在胎儿酒精研究中需要考虑应激诱导的影响。在啮齿动物和灵长类动物中的研究表明，产前和发育阶段酒精暴露对多巴胺系统功能有长期影响，这可能是行为影响的基础。
