Department of Reproductive Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Nicotine Tob Res. 2011 Sep;13(9):840-7. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntr085. Epub 2011 Apr 18.
The objective of this study was to assess whether counseling both mothers and fathers reduces their infants' exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS).
Participants were 130 nonsmoking children aged less than 1 year, exposed to their fathers' or mothers' smoking, and recruited from a health center in southern Tehran. Eligible families were randomly assigned to intervention or control group. Infant urine samples were collected, and parents were interviewed at baseline and at a 3-month follow-up in each of the 2 groups. Mothers of the intervention group were provided 3 counseling sessions, one of which was face to face and 2 of which were by telephone. Fathers were provided 3 counseling sessions by telephone. Parents were also given an educational pamphlet and a sticker depicting a smoke-free home. The control group received usual care. Changes in infant urinary cotinine levels, parental cigarette consumption in the presence of the child, and home- and car-smoking bans were assessed.
The intervention was effective in reducing infant urinary cotinine levels (1-tailed p = .029). There was a greater decrease in the total daily cigarette consumption in the presence of the child in the intervention group compared with the control group, and the differences between the 2 groups were statistically significant (1-tailed p = .03). While the differences between home-smoking bans in the 2 groups were statistically significant (1-tailed p = .049), the differences between car-smoking bans did not reach significance.
Counseling similar to that employed in other countries can reduce infant exposure to SHS, suggesting generalizability.
本研究旨在评估对父母双方进行咨询是否能减少其婴儿接触二手烟（SHS）。
研究对象为 130 名小于 1 岁的不吸烟儿童，他们的父母有吸烟行为，并在德黑兰南部的一家健康中心招募。符合条件的家庭被随机分配到干预组或对照组。在基线和每组的 3 个月随访时，收集婴儿尿液样本并对父母进行访谈。干预组的母亲接受了 3 次咨询，其中 1 次面对面，2 次通过电话进行。父亲通过电话接受了 3 次咨询。父母还收到了一份教育手册和一张描绘无烟家庭的贴纸。对照组接受常规护理。评估婴儿尿液可铁宁水平、儿童在场时父母吸烟量以及家庭和车内吸烟禁令的变化。
干预措施有效降低了婴儿尿液可铁宁水平（单侧 p =.029）。与对照组相比，干预组儿童在场时的总日吸烟量下降幅度更大，且两组间差异具有统计学意义（单侧 p =.03）。虽然两组家庭吸烟禁令之间的差异具有统计学意义（单侧 p =.049），但车内吸烟禁令之间的差异无统计学意义。
与其他国家使用的咨询类似，这种咨询可以减少婴儿接触 SHS，表明具有可推广性。
