Joshi B B, Bhatt R P, Bahukhandi D
Crop Protection Division, Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow--226 002, India.
J Environ Biol. 2010 Nov;31(6):921-8.
The genus Trichoderma is rapidly growing colonies bearing tufted or postulate, repeatedly branched conidiophores with lageniform phialides and hyaline or green conidia born in slimy heads. 62 isolates of Trichoderma species were isolated from different rhizospheric soil samples collected from different places located in Western Himalayas region. Out of these only two species were found i.e. Trichoderma hazianum and Trichoderma viride. Their efficacy against soil borne plant pathogens like Sclerotium rolfsii, Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum revealed that only three isolates amounting to 5% of the total collected isolates of this region were found highly antagonist. Among them 5% isolates were found against S. rolfsii, 13% isolates against R. solani, 10% against sclerotium caused above 80% inhibition of mycelial growth respectively. 6% isolates out of twenty seven utilized chitin by more than 80 and 16% isolates consumed cellulose by above 80% and therefore are producers of chitinase and cellulases. 58% isolates produced colonies having cottony texture and 41% produced dark green colonies. Pigmentation as observed from reverse side of the colony revealed that 70% of them did not produced pigment in the medium. Plant growth promotion measured as root and shoot lengths were significantly higher than in control. The maximum root length and shoot length were recorded when seeds were treated with isolates were recorded at Srinagar Garhwal was 4.70 and 4.75 cm out of all the isolates in which isolate recorded from Srinagar no 3 caused maximum percent seed germination which was significantly higher 79.49%.
木霉属是快速生长的菌落，带有簇生或假丛生、反复分枝的分生孢子梗，有瓶状小梗和生于粘质头状结构中的透明或绿色分生孢子。从喜马拉雅西部地区不同地点采集的不同根际土壤样本中分离出62株木霉属菌株。其中仅发现两种木霉，即哈茨木霉和绿色木霉。它们对土壤传播的植物病原体如齐整小核菌、立枯丝核菌和核盘菌的抑制效果表明，在该地区采集的所有分离菌株中，只有三株（占5%）表现出高度拮抗作用。其中，5%的分离菌株对齐整小核菌有拮抗作用，13%的分离菌株对立枯丝核菌有拮抗作用，10%的分离菌株对菌核有拮抗作用，分别导致菌丝体生长抑制率超过80%。在27株分离菌株中，6%的菌株利用几丁质的比例超过80%，16%的菌株消耗纤维素的比例超过80%，因此它们是几丁质酶和纤维素酶的生产者。58%的分离菌株产生棉絮状质地的菌落，41%的分离菌株产生深绿色菌落。从菌落背面观察到的色素沉着表明，70%的菌株在培养基中不产生色素。以根长和茎长衡量的植物生长促进作用显著高于对照。在斯利那加加尔瓦尔，用分离菌株处理种子时，记录到的最大根长和茎长分别为4.70厘米和4.75厘米。在所有分离菌株中，从斯利那加3号记录的分离菌株导致最高的种子发芽率，为79.49%，显著高于其他菌株。
