Department of Microbiology, Akal College of Basic Sciences, Eternal University, Sirmaur, Himachal Pradesh, India.
Uttarakhand Pollution Control Board, Regional Office, Kashipur, Uttarakhand, India.
Microb Ecol. 2022 Oct;84(3):643-675. doi: 10.1007/s00248-021-01849-x. Epub 2021 Oct 13.
The Himalayas are one of the most mystical, yet least studied terrains of the world. One of Earth's greatest multifaceted and diverse montane ecosystems is also one of the thirty-four global biodiversity hotspots of the world. These are supposed to have been uplifted about 60-70 million years ago and support, distinct environments, physiography, a variety of orogeny, and great biological diversity (plants, animals, and microbes). Microbes are the pioneer colonizer of the Himalayas that are involved in various bio-geological cycles and play various significant roles. The applications of Himalayan microbiomes inhabiting in lesser to greater Himalayas have been recognized. The researchers explored the applications of indigenous microbiomes in both agricultural and environmental sectors. In agriculture, microbiomes from Himalayan regions have been suggested as better biofertilizers and biopesticides for the crops growing at low temperature and mountainous areas as they help in the alleviation of cold stress and other biotic stresses. Along with alleviation of low temperature, Himalayan microbes also have the capability to enhance plant growth by availing the soluble form of nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, and iron. These microbes have been recognized for producing plant growth regulators (abscisic acid, auxin, cytokinin, ethylene, and gibberellins). These microbes have been reported for bioremediating the diverse pollutants (pesticides, heavy metals, and xenobiotics) for environmental sustainability. In the current perspectives, present review provides a detailed discussion on the ecology, biodiversity, and adaptive features of the native Himalayan microbiomes in view to achieve agro-environmental sustainability.
喜马拉雅山脉是世界上最神秘但研究最少的地区之一。作为地球上最复杂和多样化的山地生态系统之一，它也是世界 34 个生物多样性热点地区之一。这些山脉据推测是在 6000 到 7000 万年前隆起的，拥有独特的环境、地形、各种造山运动和丰富的生物多样性（植物、动物和微生物）。微生物是喜马拉雅山脉的先驱殖民者，它们参与了各种生物地质循环，并发挥着各种重要作用。栖息在较小和较大喜马拉雅山脉的微生物组的应用已经得到了认可。研究人员探索了喜马拉雅本土微生物组在农业和环境领域的应用。在农业方面，喜马拉雅地区的微生物组被建议作为更好的生物肥料和生物农药，用于在低温和山区种植的作物，因为它们有助于缓解寒冷压力和其他生物压力。除了缓解低温外，喜马拉雅微生物还能够通过提供氮、磷、钾、锌和铁等营养物质的可溶性形式来促进植物生长。这些微生物被认为可以产生植物生长调节剂（脱落酸、生长素、细胞分裂素、乙烯和赤霉素）。这些微生物已被报道用于生物修复各种污染物（农药、重金属和外来化合物），以实现环境可持续性。在当前的观点中，本综述详细讨论了本土喜马拉雅微生物组的生态学、生物多样性和适应性特征，以期实现农业-环境的可持续性。
