LABANOF, Laboratorio di Antropologia e Odontologia Forense, Sezione di Medicina Legale, DMU-Dipartimento di Morfologia Umana e Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 37, Milano, Italy.
Radiol Med. 2011 Sep;116(6):960-8. doi: 10.1007/s11547-011-0677-6. Epub 2011 Apr 19.
Personal identification of unidentified bodies is crucial for ethical, juridical and civil reasons and is performed through comparison between biological data obtained from the cadaver and antemortem material from one or more missing persons to whom the body may have belonged in life. The increasing applications of forensic radiology and the wide use of conventional radiography and computed tomography (CT) in routine clinical practice demonstrate the potential of these technologies as tools for verifying the correspondence between an unidentified body and an identity suspect. This paper reviews the literature concerning the application of forensic radiology to the difficult issue of personal identification. Despite the increasing importance of the comparison between radiographic and CT findings, numerous limitations still need to be overcome, including the fact that few forensic centres have access to sophisticated X-ray technologies and that the reliability of those technologies for detecting specific morphological traits and bone lesions is a matter of intense debate. In addition, as with other morphological methods for identification, comparisons between antemortem and postmortem data require standardisation and statistical analysis, especially in Europe where there are very few indications concerning the admission in court of evidence obtained by anthropological and radiological methods. In the future, with developments in radiographic technologies and increasing numbers of studies on their application to the forensic setting, radiology will become one of the most useful tools in the field of personal identification.
个人身份识别对于伦理、法律和公民身份等方面都至关重要，通常通过将从尸体获得的生物数据与一个或多个失踪人员生前的材料进行比对来完成，这些材料可能与尸体有关。法医放射学的应用越来越广泛，常规放射学和计算机断层扫描（CT）的广泛应用也证明了这些技术作为验证无名尸体与身份嫌疑人之间一致性的工具的潜力。本文综述了法医放射学在个人身份识别这一难题中的应用。尽管在放射学和 CT 发现之间的比较方面越来越重要，但仍有许多限制需要克服，包括很少有法医中心能够获得复杂的 X 射线技术，以及这些技术检测特定形态特征和骨损伤的可靠性存在激烈的争议。此外，与其他形态学识别方法一样，对生前和死后数据的比较需要标准化和统计分析，特别是在欧洲，关于通过人类学和放射学方法获得的证据在法庭上的采信方面，几乎没有任何指示。在未来，随着放射技术的发展以及越来越多的关于其在法医环境中应用的研究，放射学将成为个人识别领域最有用的工具之一。
