Ventilation of an additional dead space.

The authors studied the question of the completeness of ventilation of an additional dead space in the form of a tube 3 cm in diameter and with a volume of 600 ml. Seven young volunteers were examined while breathing with and without the tube, seated at rest and during a two-grade exercise load on a bicycle ergometer. The criterion of ventilation of the tube was enlargement of the dead space by 600 ml during breathing through the tube. The functional dead space was always calculated from the tidal volume and the CO2 concentration in mixed expired air and in an end-tidal sample, using the Bohr equation. In every case, the tube was found to be completely ventilated by breathing, both under resting conditions and during exercise. In breathing during the bicycle exercise, the ratio of the functional dead space to tidal volume fell from 0.3 to 0.19 and a similar decrease was recorded in breathing through the tube.