Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, University of Stellenboseh, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa.
J Econ Entomol. 2011 Apr;104(2):398-404. doi: 10.1603/ec10316.
Nonchemical, environmentally friendly quarantine treatments are preferred for use in postharvest control of insect pests. Combined high temperature and controlled atmosphere quarantine treatments for phytosanitary fruit pests Macchiademus diplopterus (Distant) (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae) and Phlyctinus callosus (Schoenherr) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) were investigated to determine the potential of such treatments for quarantine security. Field-collected, aestivating M. diplopterus adults and P. callosus adults were treated using a controlled atmosphere waterbath system. This system simulates the controlled atmosphere temperature treatment system (CATTS) used to control a number of phytosanitary pests in the United States and allows for a rapid assessment of pest response to treatment. Insects were treated under regular air conditions and a controlled atmosphere of 1% oxygen, 15% carbon dioxide in nitrogen, at two ramping heat rates, 12 and 24 degrees C/h. Treatment of both species was more effective under both heating rates when the controlled atmosphere condition was applied. Under these conditions of controlled atmospheres, mortality of P. callosus was greater when the faster heating rate was used, but the opposite was true for M. diplopterus. This could be due to the physiological condition of aestivation contributing to metabolic arrest in response to the stresses being applied during treatment. Results indicate that the potential for the development of CATTS treatments for these phytosanitary pests, particularly P. callosus, is promising.
非化学的、环保的检疫处理方法更适用于防治害虫。本研究采用高温联合气调检疫处理法来防治检疫性实蝇 Macchiademus diplopterus（Distant）（半翅目：盲蝽科）和 Phlyctinus callosus（Schoenherr）（鞘翅目：象甲科），以评估该方法在检疫安全方面的潜力。采用控温水浴系统对采集自野外的、休眠期的 M. diplopterus 成虫和 P. callosus 成虫进行处理。该系统模拟了在美国用于防治多种检疫性害虫的控温气调处理系统（CATTS），可快速评估害虫对处理的反应。在常规空气条件和 1%氧气、15%二氧化碳/氮气的控气条件下，以 12 和 24°C/h 的两种升温速率对昆虫进行处理。在这两种升温速率下，控气条件对两种昆虫的处理效果都更显著。在这些控气条件下，当采用较快升温速率时，P. callosus 的死亡率更高，但 M. diplopterus 的情况则相反。这可能是因为休眠期的生理状况导致代谢停止，从而对处理过程中施加的应激产生反应。结果表明，针对这些检疫性害虫，尤其是 P. callosus，开发 CATTS 处理方法具有广阔的前景。
