J Econ Entomol. 2014 Feb;107(1):154-60. doi: 10.1603/ec13226.
Phlyctinus callosus (Boheman) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is a pest of major phytosanitary concern for some of South Africa's biggest export markets such as the United States and Europe because this pest does not occur there. At present, fumigation with methyl bromide is the only postharvest disinfestation treatment against this pest; therefore, sustainable alternatives are needed. One such alternative is irradiation treatment of whole pallets of packed fruit to sterilize insects that may be present within the cartons. Wild adult P. callosus weevils were treated with 5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 Gy of gamma-irradiation and then cross mated to breed with either treated or nontreated adults of the opposite sex. Fecundity and fertility were monitored and recorded. Trials were conducted during the 2009-2010 and 2010-2011 fruit harvesting seasons. The results from both seasons indicated that irradiation did not affect fecundity but fertility was significantly affected, decreasing as irradiation doses increased. Egg hatch was zero for mating crosses that involved females weevils treated with a dose of 80 Gy gamma-irradiation. Probit analysis indicated that in the first season, the estimated LD95 for crosses involving treated males and treated females was 30 Gy, while in the second season it was 49.5 Gy. Respective estimated LD99S were 47.9 and 169.4 Gy. Ultimately, a dose lower than the current generic dose of 400 Gy, approved for irradiation disinfestation treatments, would control P. callosus should they occur in packed export fruit.
Phlyctinus callosus (Boheman)（鞘翅目：象甲科）是南非一些最大出口市场（如美国和欧洲）主要植物检疫关注的害虫，因为这种害虫不在这些地区出现。目前，使用溴甲烷熏蒸是防治这种害虫的唯一一种收获后消毒处理方法；因此，需要可持续的替代方法。一种这样的替代方法是对整托盘包装水果进行辐照处理，以杀死可能存在于纸箱内的昆虫。将野生成年 P. callosus 象甲用 5、10、20、40 和 80 Gy 的γ射线处理，然后进行交叉交配，与处理或未处理的异性成虫交配繁殖。监测和记录了生育力和繁殖力。试验在 2009-2010 和 2010-2011 年水果收获季节进行。两个季节的结果都表明，辐照不会影响生育力，但会显著影响繁殖力，随着辐照剂量的增加而降低。涉及用 80 Gy γ射线处理的雌性象甲的交配产卵率为零。概率分析表明，在第一个季节，涉及用辐照处理的雄性和雌性的杂交 LD95 估计值为 30 Gy，而在第二个季节为 49.5 Gy。相应的 LD99S 估计值分别为 47.9 和 169.4 Gy。最终，如果在包装出口水果中发现 P. callosus，低于当前批准用于辐照消毒处理的通用剂量 400 Gy 的剂量就可以控制这种害虫。
