Joint Forces Headquarters, Maryland Army National Guard, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Int Rev Psychiatry. 2011 Apr;23(2):181-91. doi: 10.3109/09540261.2010.541904.
The US strategic defence policy has undergone dramatic changes in the last two decades, with more recent changes having placed increased demands on members of the reserve components. Rapid and often unexpected call-ups of reserves for operational missions, both domestic and international, required meeting standards for mobilization and deployment. Standards were in place but not necessarily met. Mobilizations pointed to several areas of unpreparedness; at first, obvious areas, such as members being physically unfit, inadequately trained and improperly equipped and less than competent unit leaders; and later, less obvious areas, in particular, emergent personal adjustment problems. During these mobilizations, unique consequences of stressors on individual reservists were evident, including worries about family and civilian job during deployment, adjustments to returning and reintegration, post-deployment post-traumatic stress disorder and related symptoms, and now suicide. Some have explained these findings, though lacking is a broad explanatory framework. Reserve identity is offered as a preliminary concept to interpret reservists' deployment experiences, post-deployment adjustment, and associated mental health needs, providing a basis for preventive intervention strategies.
在过去的二十年中，美国的战略防御政策发生了重大变化，最近的变化对预备役部队成员提出了更高的要求。为了满足动员和部署的标准，储备人员迅速且经常意外地被征召执行国内外的作战任务。虽然有标准，但并不一定能得到满足。动员指出了几个准备不足的领域；起初是明显的领域，例如成员身体不适、训练不足、装备不当和领导能力不足；后来，不那么明显的领域，特别是出现个人适应问题。在这些动员中，个体预备役人员承受压力的独特后果显而易见，包括在部署期间对家庭和民用工作的担忧、返回和重新融入社会的调整、部署后的创伤后应激障碍和相关症状，以及现在的自杀。虽然有些人对此进行了解释，但缺乏一个广泛的解释框架。预备役身份被提出作为一个初步的概念，以解释预备役人员的部署经历、部署后的调整和相关的心理健康需求，为预防干预策略提供了基础。
