National Reference Laboratory of Uzbekistan, 7A, Yangishahar str., Yunusabad-3, Tashkent 100194, Uzbekistan.
Int J Infect Dis. 2011 Jul;15(7):e464-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2011.03.014. Epub 2011 Apr 27.
Rotavirus infection is the most common cause of severe gastroenteritis in children worldwide. New rotavirus vaccines are not currently used in the five countries that make up the Central Asian region. Three of these countries, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Kyrgyzstan, have a combined total population of 48 million and an estimated 1 million annual births.
We conducted prospective hospital-based surveillance for rotavirus diarrhea in three Central Asian countries (Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Kyrgyzstan) during 2005-2009 to estimate the burden of rotavirus. We calculated the proportion of rotavirus among children aged <5 years hospitalized with acute diarrhea and estimated numbers of rotavirus-associated deaths, hospitalizations, outpatient visits, and home care episodes.
Of 20 780 children hospitalized with diarrhea and enrolled in the study, 26% (95% confidence interval (CI) 25-27) were positive for rotavirus antigen by ELISA. On an annual basis, 4007 (2.6 per 1000 child-years) rotavirus hospitalizations occur in Kazakhstan, 5491 (2.1 per 1000 child-years) in Uzbekistan, and 3883 (6.8 per 1000 child-years) in Kyrgyzstan. Rotavirus is also estimated to cause 68 (0.04 per 1000 child-years) deaths in children aged <5 years in Kazakhstan, 662 (0.25 per 1000 child-years) in Uzbekistan, and 156 (0.27 per 1000 child-years) in Kyrgyzstan.
This study presents an epidemiological picture of rotavirus disease in Central Asia and illustrates a substantial rotavirus burden, which is preventable with rotavirus vaccination.
轮状病毒感染是全球范围内导致儿童严重胃肠炎的最常见原因。中亚地区的五个国家目前尚未使用新型轮状病毒疫苗。这五个国家中的三个国家，哈萨克斯坦、乌兹别克斯坦和吉尔吉斯斯坦，总人口为 4800 万，每年估计有 100 万例出生。
我们在 2005 年至 2009 年期间在三个中亚国家（哈萨克斯坦、乌兹别克斯坦和吉尔吉斯斯坦）进行了基于医院的轮状病毒腹泻前瞻性监测，以估计轮状病毒的负担。我们计算了＜5 岁因急性腹泻住院的儿童中轮状病毒的比例，并估计了轮状病毒相关死亡、住院、门诊和家庭护理次数。
在因腹泻住院并纳入研究的 20780 名儿童中，26%（95%置信区间[CI] 25-27）通过 ELISA 检测轮状病毒抗原呈阳性。在哈萨克斯坦，每年有 4007 例（2.6/1000 儿童年）轮状病毒住院病例，乌兹别克斯坦每年有 5491 例（2.1/1000 儿童年），吉尔吉斯斯坦每年有 3883 例（6.8/1000 儿童年）。轮状病毒还估计导致哈萨克斯坦＜5 岁儿童中有 68 例（0.04/1000 儿童年）死亡，乌兹别克斯坦有 662 例（0.25/1000 儿童年）死亡，吉尔吉斯斯坦有 156 例（0.27/1000 儿童年）死亡。
本研究展示了中亚轮状病毒疾病的流行病学情况，并说明了轮状病毒负担很大，可通过轮状病毒疫苗接种来预防。
