Król M, Pawłowski K M, Majchrzak K, Dolka I, Abramowicz A, Szyszko K, Motyl T
Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - WULS, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
Pol J Vet Sci. 2011;14(1):3-10. doi: 10.2478/v10181-011-0001-3.
Several years ago, the presence of macrophages in the tumor microenvironment was thought to be an inflammatory response to kill the cancer cells. Now, this is clear that the inflammatory cells that exit blood vessels and migrate to the tumor tissue play an important role in cancer progression. Various cells present in the tumor microenvironment enhance cancer growth and invasiveness by secretion of tumor-enhancing products. That is why tumors should not be treated as only aggregates of cancer cells but as separate structures. Macrophages form a major component of the inflammatory infiltration in tumors, where they are termed tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). To the best of our knowledge, up-to-date there were no studies on tumor associated macrophages and the role of the tumor microenvironment in tumor invasion/metastasis in dogs. This is the first study performed to asses if the number of TAMs and expression of MCSF-R (macrophages colony stimulating factor receptor) and CD14 (LPS co-receptor) are associated with the grade of tumor malignancy and its ability to metastasize. We have performed immunohistochemical analysis of 50 canine mammary adenocarcinomas of various grade of malignancy (1st, 2nd, 3rd) and tumors that gave local or distant metastases. The results indicate that in dogs, similarly to humans and mice, the number of tumor associated macrophages is related to the cancer ability to metastasize. Our results also indicate that the expression of MCSF-R and, what is particularly new finding, CD14 is associated with tumor malignancy and its ability to metastasize. Hence, these molecules play a role in tumor progression, metastasis and microenvironment interactions. These results show that in dogs we should treat the tumor as a whole organ rather than just try to eliminate the cancer cells.
几年前，肿瘤微环境中巨噬细胞的存在被认为是一种杀死癌细胞的炎症反应。现在很清楚的是，离开血管并迁移到肿瘤组织的炎症细胞在癌症进展中起着重要作用。肿瘤微环境中存在的各种细胞通过分泌促进肿瘤生长的产物来增强肿瘤的生长和侵袭性。这就是为什么肿瘤不应仅仅被视为癌细胞的聚集物，而应被视为独立的结构。巨噬细胞是肿瘤炎症浸润的主要组成部分，在肿瘤中它们被称为肿瘤相关巨噬细胞（TAMs）。据我们所知，到目前为止，尚未有关于犬类肿瘤相关巨噬细胞以及肿瘤微环境在肿瘤侵袭/转移中作用的研究。这是第一项旨在评估TAMs数量、巨噬细胞集落刺激因子受体（MCSF-R）和CD14（脂多糖共同受体）的表达是否与肿瘤恶性程度及其转移能力相关的研究。我们对50例不同恶性程度（1级、2级、3级）以及发生局部或远处转移的犬乳腺腺癌进行了免疫组织化学分析。结果表明，在犬类中，与人类和小鼠类似，肿瘤相关巨噬细胞的数量与癌症转移能力相关。我们的结果还表明，MCSF-R的表达，以及特别新的发现，CD14的表达与肿瘤恶性程度及其转移能力相关。因此，这些分子在肿瘤进展、转移和微环境相互作用中发挥作用。这些结果表明，在犬类中，我们应该将肿瘤视为一个完整的器官，而不仅仅是试图消除癌细胞。
