Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, UK.
Conscious Cogn. 2011 Dec;20(4):1016-20. doi: 10.1016/j.concog.2011.03.024. Epub 2011 Apr 30.
Comparing the phenomenology, neurochemical pathology, and psychopharmacology of hallucinations and dreaming is limited by the available data. Evidence to date reveals no simple correspondence between the two states. Differences in the phenomenology of visual hallucinations and the visual component of dreams may reflect variations in visual context acting on the same underlying mechanism - the minimal visual input during dreaming contrasts with the more substantial perceived context in hallucinations. Variations in cholinergic, dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmitter function during sleep and during hallucinations in Lewy body dementias, together with relevant drug effects suggest that, on the whole, different, potentially opposite, changes characterise the two states. A similar analysis of other psychotic features in Lewy body dementia and other disorders suggests that, in contrast to hallucinations, there may be more convincing parallels between dreaming and delusional states.
将幻觉和梦境的现象学、神经化学病理学和精神药理学进行比较受到可用数据的限制。迄今为止的证据表明，这两种状态之间没有简单的对应关系。视觉幻觉和梦境的视觉成分的现象学差异可能反映了作用于相同潜在机制的视觉背景的变化——在做梦时最小的视觉输入与幻觉中更实质性的感知背景形成对比。在睡眠期间和路易体痴呆症的幻觉期间，胆碱能、多巴胺能和 5-羟色胺能神经递质功能的变化，以及相关的药物作用表明，总的来说，两种状态的特征是不同的，可能是相反的变化。对路易体痴呆症和其他疾病中的其他精神病特征进行类似的分析表明，与幻觉相反，在梦境和妄想状态之间可能存在更令人信服的相似之处。
