Department Chrono-Environment, UMR 6249 CNRS, University of Franche-Comte, 16 route de Gray, 25030 Besançon Cedex, France.
Environ Res. 2011 Jul;111(5):619-25. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2011.04.001. Epub 2011 May 4.
Pollinosis is found more frequently in urban areas than in rural environments. This could be partly related to the different types of pollen exposure in these dissimilar areas. The objective of this study was to compare the distribution of pollen in these environments across an urbanization gradient.
Daily pollen abundances were obtained in France using Hirst-type sensors. Sampling was conducted from January to June in 2003 and 2006 in a rural area, a semi-rural area and in two urban areas, which were characterized by several urbanization criteria.
Total allergenic pollen abundance was higher in rural and semi-rural areas than in urban areas irrespective of the sampling year. Multivariate analyses showed that pollen exposures differed according to the type of area and were strongly explained by the urbanization gradient. Grass, ash, birch, alder, hornbeam, hazel and plantain pollen quantities exceeded the allergy threshold more often in rural settings than in urban areas. In urban areas, only plane pollen quantities exceeded the allergy threshold more often than in rural areas.
Allergenic pollen exposure is higher in rural areas than in urban areas, and the most abundant pollen in each area did not originated from the same taxa. This result should be taken into account in epidemiological studies comparing allergies in rural and urban areas to adapt the panel of pollen extracts for human environmental exposure. In addition, this study highlights that some ornamental trees produce a large number of allergenic pollens and provide new sources of aeroallergens.
花粉症在城市地区比在农村环境中更为常见。这可能部分与这些不同地区中不同类型的花粉暴露有关。本研究的目的是比较这些环境中花粉的分布在城市化梯度上的差异。
使用 Hirst 型传感器在法国获得每日花粉丰度数据。2003 年和 2006 年，在农村地区、半农村地区和两个城市地区进行了采样，这些地区具有几个城市化标准。
无论采样年份如何，总致敏花粉丰度在农村和半农村地区均高于城市地区。多变量分析表明，花粉暴露因地区类型而异，并受城市化梯度的强烈影响。草、灰、桦、桤木、山毛榉、榛子和车前草花粉的数量在农村环境中比在城市地区更容易超过过敏阈值。在城市地区，只有飞机花粉的数量比农村地区更容易超过过敏阈值。
致敏花粉暴露在农村地区高于城市地区，每个地区最丰富的花粉并非来自同一类群。在比较农村和城市地区过敏症的流行病学研究中，应考虑到这一结果，以适应人类环境暴露的花粉提取物小组。此外，本研究强调了一些观赏树木产生大量致敏花粉，并提供了新的空气过敏原来源。
